GEULINCX 



GEYSER 



Later in the afternoon Ewell's 

 troops occupied Gulp's Hill, and 

 at nightfall, at Spangler's Springs, 

 friend and foe knelt together 

 to quench their thirst. Meade 

 decided to defend his positions, 

 and early on July 3 regained 

 Gulp's Hill. After "fierce artillery 

 preparation Lee's centre, under 

 the command of General Pickett, 

 attacked strongly during the 

 afternoon. The guns of the 

 Federals swept the advancing 

 troops, making great gaps in their 

 ranks ; but the ranks closed, the 

 advance continued, the Federal 

 line was broken and the ridge 

 gained, but it could not be held ; 

 only a shattered remnant of 

 Pickett's forces made its way back. 

 With Meade remained the victory. 

 Lee withdrew his broken army into 

 Virginia. The los?es were estim- 

 ated as follows : Federals, 3,072 

 killed; 14,497 wounded; 5,434 

 prisoners and missing ; Confeder- 

 ates, 2,592 killed ; 12,709 wounded ; 

 5,150 prisoners and missing. There 

 is, however, reason to believe that 

 the Confederate losses were 

 heavier. In Nov., when the battle- 

 field was dedicated as a National 

 Cemetery, President Lincoln made 

 a two minutes' speech which has 

 become immortal. See American 

 Civil War ; Lee ; consult also 

 Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, A. 

 Doubleday, 1882 ; Battle of Gettys- 

 burg, S. Drake, 189], and Comte de 

 Paris, new ed. 1912 ; U.S. Official 

 Records, vol. xxvii, parts 1-3. 



Geulincx, ARNOLD (1624-69). 

 Belgian philosopher. Born at 

 Antwerp, Jan. 31, 1624, he became 

 professor of philosophy in the uni- 

 versities of Louvain, 1646-58, and 

 Leiden, 1665-69. He founded the 

 system known as Occasionalism. He 

 denies any reciprocal action of body 

 and soul, comparing them to two 

 watches which, although separate 

 and independent, are in agreement. 

 God is the intermediator. On the 

 occasion of a bodily process, a de- 

 finite sensation arises in the soul, 

 and on the occasion of an idea in 

 the soul, the body moves as the 

 result of divine agency. 



Geum. Handsome, hardy, dwarf 

 perennial herbs of the natural 

 order Rosaceae. Natives of Bri- 

 tain, India, and N. America, their 

 height varies from one to two ft. 

 The flowers are red, white, and yel- 

 low, and they are propagated by 

 seed in spring, and by division of the 

 roots in autumn. For rock gardens 

 G. montanum, which has rich yellow 

 flowers in abundance in early 

 spring, is the most attractive. 



Gevaert, FRANQOIS AUGUSTE 

 (1828-1908). Belgian composer. 

 Born at Huysse, in E. Flanders, 

 July 31, 1828, the son of a baker, 



Geyser. Diagram illustrating the principles which 



cause the geyser at rest, left, to spout boiling water, 



as seen in the right 



he studied at the Conservatoire at 

 Ghent. He became organist of the 

 Jesuit Church there, and travelled 

 in Spain and Italy ; from 1867- 

 70 he had a post at the Paris Aca- 

 demy of Music, and in 1871 was 

 made director of the Brussels Con- 

 servatoire. His compositions in- 

 clude many operas ; he wrote also 

 on the history and theory of 

 music in ancient times. He died 

 in Brussels, Dec. 24, 1908. 



Gevelsberg. Town of Germany, 

 in Westphalia. It lies 6 m. from 

 Hagen, on the Westphalian coal- 

 field, and is a modern industrial 

 town, known for its manufactures of 



Foliage and 

 Geum rivale 



cutlery. It has 

 also iron and steel 

 works, breweries, 

 etc. Pop. 19,000. 



Geyser (Ice- 

 landic, geysir). Hot 

 spring in which the 

 water is forced into 

 the air like a foun- 

 tain. Geysers are 

 characteristic of 

 volcanic areas, and 

 derive their heat 

 from volcanic 

 sources. There are 

 many in the Yel- 

 lowstone National 

 Park, Wyoming, 

 U.S.A. One famous 

 geyser is called 

 " Old Faithful," 

 because of its regu- 

 1 a r i t y, shooting, 

 every 63 minutes, 

 a column of water 

 to a height of near- 

 ly 150 ft. 



After an eruption 

 the water collects in 

 the tube connecting 

 the surface with 

 the interior. The 

 water in the narrow 

 irregular tube is 

 heated probably by 

 contact with hot 

 lava. Steam is 

 formed locally in the tube and lifts 

 the water above it ; more steam is 

 then formed rapidly. This reduces 

 the pressure and the whole is shot 

 into the air. 



Geyserland, situated near Ro- 

 torua, in North Island, New Zea- 

 land, is equally famous for its 

 hundreds of geysers, its boiling 

 springs, mud volcanoes, and fu- 

 maroles. Although the natural 

 fountains do not rival in height 

 those of Wyoming, the best of 

 them sprout from 80 to 100 ft. 

 Waikite is noted for the beauty 

 of the silica cone at its orifice. 

 Pron. Guy-zer. 



Geyser. Domestic appliance for 

 the rapid supply of hot water. It 

 consists of a long coil or spiral of 

 copper, brass, or iron tubing 

 through which water continually 

 flows from the source of supply to 

 the container. The tube is exposed 

 to a gas or other flame, a large sur- 

 face of water thereby being heated 

 at one time. The metal tube is 

 made very thin so that the heat 

 passes through it instantly. The 

 water flows through the tube, thus 

 constantly presenting fresh water 

 to the heated metal surface. In 

 this way a large quantity of water 

 can be raised to boiling point much 

 more quickly than in an ordinary 

 vessel. Most modern geysers are 

 now supplied with a single tap 



