GIBBONS 



Gatton, and other great houses ; 

 and there is a throne carved by 

 him at Canterbury. He carved 

 foliage, fruit, and floral designs 

 with extraordinary delicacy, and 

 produced also several statues of 

 merit, including those of Charles II 

 at Chelsea Hospital and the Royal 

 Exchange, and one of James II at 

 Whitehall. He died Aug. 3, 1720, 

 and is buried in S. Paul's, Covent 

 Garden, London. See James II, illus. 

 Gibbons, JAMES (1834-1921). 

 American cardinal. Bom July 23, 

 1834, at Baltimore, he entered 

 the Roman 

 Catholic priest- 

 hood, 1861, 

 and in 1872 

 was appointed 

 bishop of Rich- 

 mond. In 1877 

 he became 

 archbishop of 

 Baltimore and 



Orlando Gibbons, 

 English composer 



From an old print 



and was made cardinal by Leo 

 XIII in 1 886. His chief work, The 

 Faith of Our Fathers, 1871, has 

 had a wide circulation in Britain 

 and America. He was prominent 

 in the foundation of the Catholic 

 university of America at Washing 

 ton, 1884. He died Mar. 25, 1921. 

 Gibbons, ORLANDO (1 583-1625). 

 English composer. Born at Cam- 

 bridge, he was the most distin- 

 guished Of urn i.. 



three brothers, 

 all musicians, 

 sons of Wil- 

 liam Gibbons, 

 one of the 

 town musici- 

 ans or waits. 

 First a chor- 

 ister at King's 

 College, Cam- 

 bridge, he 

 made his 

 reputation by composing a fan- 

 tasia. In 1604 he was appointed 

 organist of the Chapel Royal, Lon- 

 don, and in 1623 of Westminster 

 Abbey. His compositions, which 

 include much church music, mad- 

 rigals and instrumental music, 

 place him amongst the greatest of 

 early English composers. He died 

 of apoplexy at Canterbury, June 5, 

 1625, whither he had gone to 

 produce his music for the wedding 

 reception of Henrietta Maria by 

 Charles I. His son Christopher 

 (1615-76) was successively or- 

 ganist of Winchester Cathedral and 

 Westminster Abbey. 



Gibbs, JAMES (1682-1754). Bri- 

 tish architect. Born at Aberdeen, 

 Dec. 23, 1682, he studied at Rome 

 under Carolo Fontana. Coming to 

 London in 1709, he designed and 

 built S. Mary-le-Strand, 1714-22, 



3522 



and added the steeple to Wren's 

 church of S. Clement Danes, 1719. 

 The church of S. Martin -in-the- 

 Fields, his 

 masterpiece, 

 was built be- 

 tween 1722-26, 

 and other 

 noted works 

 were the Rad- 

 cliffe Library, 

 Oxford, 1737- 

 47; S. Peter's, 

 V e r e Street, 

 1721; and 

 All Hallows', 



James Gibbs, 

 British architect 



Sir Philip Gibbs/ 

 British journalist 



After Hogarth 



Derby, 1723-25. The friend and 

 disciple of Wren, Gibbs's buildings 

 are finely proportioned, and not 

 too slavishly faithful to the classic 

 models. He died at Aberdeen, 

 Aug. 5, 1754. 



Gibbs, SIR PHILIP HAMILTON 

 ( b. 1877 ). British author and war 

 correspondent. After editing some 

 magazines, h e 

 held editorial 

 appointments 

 on The Daily 

 Mail and The 

 Tribune before 

 being attached 

 to The Daily 

 Chronicle a s 

 special corre- 

 spondent and 

 desc ripti ve 

 writer. He Mugae " 



acted as war correspondent with 

 the Bulgarian army in 1912, with 

 the French and Belgian armies in 

 1914, and with the British armies 

 in the field from 1915 to the end 

 of the Great War. His works in- 

 clude memoirs, essays, and fiction. 

 The notable Fleet Street novel, The 

 Street of Adventure, was based on 

 his own experiences, 1906-8. The 

 Soul of the War, 1915; Battles of 

 the Somme, from Bapaume to Pass- 

 chendaele, 1917 ; Open Warfare, 

 1919 ; Realities of War, 1920, give 

 vivid pictures of the Western front. 

 In 1920 he was made K.B.E. In 

 1921-22 he was editor of The 

 Review of Reviews. 



Gibeah (Heb., hill). Name of 

 several places in the O.T. The most 

 important was Gibeah of Benjamin, 

 or Gibeah of Saul, which stood a 

 little N. of Jerusalem, and was the 

 home of Saul. The site is now 

 marked by an artificial mound. 



Gibeon. Ancient Hivite city, 

 now known as El-Jib. It is 5 m. 

 N.W. of Jerusalem. It was here 

 that Joshua overcame five kings of 

 the Amorites, and here later the 

 great fight took place between the 

 followers of David and those oi 

 Ishbosheth. Here too Amasa was 

 murdered by Joab, and . here 

 Solomon offered sacrifice and ob- 

 tained the gift of wisdom. 



GIBRALTAR 



Gibeon. Township of the S.W. 

 Africa Protectorate. It is situated 

 in the valley of the Fish River a 

 few miles from the main North- 

 South Rly., and is the centre of an 

 agricultural district. Pop. 3,500, 

 of whom about 900 are Europeans. 

 Gibraltar (anc. Calpe). Town 

 and rock fortress at the S. extrem- 

 ity of Spain, a British possession. 

 ; . The rock juts out 



into the Mediter- 

 ranean as an at- 

 tenuated peninsu- 

 la, terminating in 

 Europa Point. 

 The town is di- 

 vided into two 



the South Town. The North Town 

 is the meaner part of Gibraltar, 

 with narrow and crooked streets. 



The principal buildings are the 

 Anglican cathedral of the Holy 

 Trinity, built in Moorish style, and 

 consecrated in 1832; the church of 

 the Sacred Heart of Jesus; the 

 castle, built by the Moors, and the 

 governor's residence. 



Gibraltar is connected with the 

 mainland by an isthmus, 1 m. long, 

 and m. broad. Between the British 

 Lines and the Spanish Lines is a 

 tractof neutraluninhabi ted ground. 

 Just S. of the British Lines there 

 are rifle ranges, a racecourse, and 

 cemeteries. The newly constructed 

 mole on Gibraltar Bay affords 

 secure anchorage for the largest 

 vessels. The haven is adequately 

 sheltered from the dangerous E. 



Gibraltar. Map oi the rock and 



harbour from the Spanish Lines to 



Europa Point 



