GIBRALTAR 



3524 



GIDDINESS 



pressed desperately, but the 

 battering ships at length were set 

 on fire and great loss was inflicted 

 upon the attacking force. On 

 Feb. 6, 1783, the siege was raised. 

 See A History of the Siege of 

 Gibraltar, John Drinkwater. new 

 ed., 1905. 



Gibraltar, STRAIT OF. Channel 

 separating the S. of Spain from the 

 N. of Africa, and leading from the 

 Atlantic to the Mediterranean. It 

 has a surface current, which flows 

 from the Atlantic, and an under- 

 lying current, which flows from 

 the Mediterranean. At its narrow- 

 est point the strait is nearly 9 m. 

 wide ; its length from E. to W. is 

 about 35 m. 



Gibraltar Fever. Infectious 

 disease caused by a micro-organ- 

 ism, usually conveyed by goat's 

 milk. See Malta Fever. 



Gibson, CHARLES DANA (b. 

 1867). American draughtsman 

 and painter. Born at Roxbury, 

 Massachusetts, 

 Sept. 14 r 1867, 

 he studied in 

 New York, and 

 Paris. He 

 began as a 

 draught s m a n 

 in black and 

 white for the 

 chief periodi- 

 cals and maga- 

 zines, and 

 made a great hit by introducing 

 the American girl to illustrated 

 literature. His type of female 

 beauty was much admired, and 

 was specifically named " The Gib- 

 son Girl." Later he took up por- 

 traiture. Among his books may 

 be mentioned Drawings, 1894; Lon- 

 don, 1896; Pictures of People, 

 1896 ; Sketches and Cartoons, 

 1898 ; The Education of Mr. Pipp, 

 1899; The Americans, 1900; and 

 The Social Ladder, 1902. 



Gibson, JOHN (1790-1866). 

 Welsh sculptor. Born at Gyffin, 

 near Conway. While a mere lad 

 his parents 

 removed to 

 L i ve r po o 1, 

 where he ac- 

 quired great 

 facility in wood 

 carving and 

 statuary. In 

 1816 he ex- 

 hibited his first 

 piece at the 

 Royal Aca- 

 demy, and then he made his home 

 in Rome, where he studied under 

 Canova and Thorwaldsen. His 

 Roman works include : Mars and 

 Cupid, Psyche and Zephyrs, Sleep- 

 ing Shepherd Boy, Nymph Untying 

 Her Sandal, Cupid Disguised as a 

 Shepherd, and Hunter and Dog. 



Chas. Dana Gibson, 

 American painter 



John Gibson, 

 Welsh sculptor 



Charles Dana Gibson. An illustration from The Education of Mr. Pipp. The 



nouveau riche, taken to a concert by his wife and daughters, typical Gibson 



girls, fails to take any friendly interest in the great composers 



In 1833 he was elected A.R.A., 

 and in 1838 R.A. He revisited 

 England in 1844, and returned 

 periodically. To these years belong 

 his famous Tinted Venus, for he 



ing Liberal. As a prominent anti- 

 Corn Law worker, he was returned 

 for Manchester in 1841. He was 

 vice-president of the board of trade 

 in 1846, and president from 1859-66. 

 was an advocate of the ancient Gibson helped to secure the aboli- 

 Greek practice of introducing colour tion of the advertisement duty in 



1853, the newspaper stamp in 1855, 



into sculpture. He died in Rome, 

 Jan. 27, 1866, leaving the con- 

 tents of his studio and the bulk 

 of his fortune to the Royal Aca- 

 demy, which founded the Gibson 

 Gallery (q.v.). 



Gibson, MARGARET DUNLOP (d. 

 1920). British scholar. The 

 younger twin daughter ol John 

 Smith, of Ir- 

 v i n e, A y r- 

 shire, she was 

 educated 

 chiefly by pri- 

 v a t e tuition. 

 In 1883 she 

 married the 

 Rev. James 

 Gibson, trans- 

 lator of- Cer- 

 vantes poetry. 

 Both she and 



Margaret D. Gibson, 

 British scholar 



Elliott A Fry 



and the duty on paper in 1861, 

 A keen yachtsman, he was the last 

 to cruise in the Mediterranean with 

 a free pass from the dey of Algiers. 

 He died at Algiers, Feb. 25, 1884. 



Gibson Gallery. Hall in Bur- 

 lington House, Piccadilly, London. 

 The exhibits comprise the original 

 sketches and casts of the chief 

 works of John Gibson (q.v.), and 

 examples of his marble sculpture 

 bequeathed to the Royal Academy. 



Gichtel, JOHANN GEORG (1638- 

 1710). German mystic. Born at 

 Ratisbon, March 14, 1638, he stu- 

 died theology and Oriental lan- 

 guages at Strasbourg For some 

 years he practised as a lawyer, and 

 in 1665 was banished for attacking 

 the Lutheran doctrine of justifica- 

 tion by faith. Three years later he 



her sister, Mrs. Agnes Lewis, paid a settled at Amsterdam, where he 



founded the celibate sect of An- 

 gelic Brethren, who aimed at a 

 He died 



number of visits to Syria and Pales 



tine. In 1892. when at the convent 



on Mt. Sinai, they photographed the fife of angelic purity. 



Syriac palimpsest of the Gospels, Jan. 21, 1710. 



and in 1896 brought to England the 



first leaf of the Hebrew Ecclesias- 



ticus. Mrs. Gibson was a warm sup 



Giddiness OR VERTIGO (Lat. 

 vertere, to turn). Sensation of lack 

 of balance ; when marked, asso- 



porter of the Presbyterian Church ciated with reeling or staggering of 

 of England, and with her sister the body. Giddiness may be ex- 

 presented the site for Westminster perienced by persons in normal 

 Theological College, Cambridge, health after rapid rotation of the 

 Her works include How the Codex 

 was found, Studia Sinaitica, Apoc- 

 rypha Arabica, Didascalia Apos- 

 tolorum, and Commentaries on 

 Acts. She died Jan. 11, 1920. 



Gibson, THOMAS MILNER (1806- 

 84). British politician. Born at 



Trinidad, he was educated at Char- 

 terhouse and Trinity College, Cam- 

 bridge. He entered parliament as 

 Conservative member forlpswich in 

 1837, and resigned in 1839 on turn- 



body, as in waltzing ; by stepping 

 on an insecure surface, as that of 

 boggy turf ; and by looking down 

 a vertical height. The commonest 

 pathological cause is some disorder 

 of the ear, which may be simply 

 wax in the external ear, or more 

 deep-seated disease 



Giddiness is also a symptom of 

 many affections of the brain, such 

 as cerebral haemorrhage, tumours, 

 and atheromatous degeneration of 



