GIDEA PARK 



3525 



GIFFORD 



the arteries. The action of various 

 poisons in producing giddiness is 

 illustrated by the excessive use of 

 alcohol or tobacco. Paralysis of 

 certain muscles of the eye, with 

 dull vision, is another cause. The 

 aura or premonitory indication of 

 an epileptic fit frequently takes the 

 form of giddiness. 



Gidea Park. Garden suburb of 

 Romford, Essex, England. It is 

 13| m. E. by N. of London, with a 

 station, between Romford and 

 Harold Wood, on the G.E.R. Ori- 

 ginally a subordinate manor of 

 Romford, Gidea (Giddy, Gedy, or 

 Gwyddy) is said to have belonged 

 to the abbey of Westminster. Sir 

 Thomas Cooke, lord mayor of Lon- 

 don, obtained a licence in 1467 to 

 enclose a park and build a fortified 

 mansion, but Gidea Hall was com- 

 pleted by his grandson, Sir An- 

 thony Cooke, who here entertained 

 Queen Elizabeth in 1568. The es- 

 tate came eventually into the pos- 

 session of Sir Francis Eyles, who 

 built a second Gidea Hall on the 

 site of the old one in 1700. 



The estate was acquired by Sir 

 H. H. Raphael, Bart., in 1910, as 

 a preliminary step to developing 

 it on garden city lines. About 

 80 acres, with lake and wooded 

 land adjoining, given by Sir Her- 

 bert to Romford, is now known as 

 Raphael Park. By 1920, 200 houses, 

 each built from different plans 

 and elevations, had been erected. 

 There was a military training camp 

 here during the Great War. See 

 Romford. 



Gideon. Hebrew judge and 

 warrior. The son of Joash, he ap- 

 pears to have been born at Ophrah 

 in Manasseh. Called by God to de- 

 liver Israel from the Midianites, he 

 overthrew the altars and groves of 

 Baal. By an ingenious night alarm 

 he threw the Midianite army into 

 confusion and routed it. He refused 

 the throne, but judged Israel for 

 about 40 years, and is said to have 

 had 70 sons. The obscure and 

 partly inconsistent O.T. account of 

 him (Judges 6-8) probably consists 

 of two or more traditions unskil- 

 fully combined by a late editor. 



Gien. Town of France, in the 

 dept. of Loiret. It stands on the 

 right bank of the Loire, 40 m. 

 E.S.E. of Orleans. An old place, 

 its interest is mainly antiquarian. 

 It has some old houses, a 15th cen- 

 tury bridge across the Loire, and a 

 chateau, now used as a palais de 

 justice. In the town is a gigantic 

 statue of the Gallic chief Vercin- 

 getorix. Pop. 8,000. 



Gierke, OTTO FRIEDRICH (b. 

 1841). German jurist. Born at 

 Stettin, Gierke studied at Heidel- 

 berg and Berlin, and afterwards 

 lectured on law. After holding uni- 



v*\ 



Otto Gierke, 

 German jurist 



versity positions at Stettin and 

 Berlin he became professor of Ger- 

 man law at Breslau in 1872. In 

 1884 he was 1-11111 -1BII1I1I1I1I1I1I>11BBB 

 transferred to 

 Heidel berg, 

 and in 1887 to 

 Berlin. Of 

 Gierke's writ- 

 ings the most 

 important is 

 his German 

 Society Law 

 (Gen o s se n- 

 schaftsrecht), 

 1887. In this and other books he de- 

 veloped the idea that groups within 

 the state, guilds and the like, have 

 their own bodies of law, their own 

 personality and, consequently, their 

 own rights. 



Giers, NICHOLAS KARLOVITCD 

 DE (1820-95). Russian statesman. 

 Born May 21, 1820, he entered the 

 diplomatic service. Having gained 

 experience at home, he was ap- 

 pointed minister plenipotentiary 

 to Persia in 1863. After holding 

 similar posts at Bern and Stock- 

 holm, he became foreign minister 

 in 1882. A strong advocate for 

 peace, he succeeded in maintain- 

 ing friendly relations with all 

 European powers. He died on 

 Jan. 26, 1895. 



Giesebrecht, WILHELM VON 

 (1814-89). German historian. 

 Born in Berlin, March 5, 1814, he 

 became one of Ranke's pupils, and 

 before 1840 published his first his- 

 torical work, a monograph on Otto 

 II. In 1857 he was made professor 

 of history at Konigsberg, and in 

 1862 at Munich, where he died Dec. 

 17, 1889. Giesebrecht's main con- 

 tribution to history is his unfin- 

 ished History of the Empire (Kai- 

 ser zeit), 1881-90, a study of the 

 medieval empire to the time of 

 Frederick I. It is an exact piece of 

 scholarship. His other works in- 

 clude a translation of the History 

 of Gregory of Tours, 1851. 



Gi e s s e n. 

 Town of Hesse, 

 Germany. Situ- 

 ated on the 

 Lahn, it is 

 34 m. N. of 

 Frankfort. The 

 chief building is 

 the university, 

 founded 1607, 

 with a library at 

 the present dav 

 of 200,000 vol- 

 umes and MSS. 

 New build- 

 ings were erected 

 in 1889. In the 

 chemical labora- 

 tory Liebig, who 

 was professor GiesseQ> Germany- 



Sir Robert Giffen, 

 British economist 



carried out many of his experiments. 

 The botanic garden of the univer- 

 sity dates from 1609. The indus- 

 tries include iron-foundries, ma- 

 chine shops, weaving sheds, chemi- 

 cal works, etc. During the Great 

 War there was a prisoner-of-war 

 camp at Giessen. Pop. 31,153. 



Giffen, SIR ROBERT (1837-1910). 

 British economist. Born at Strath - 

 aven, Lanarkshire, July 22, 1837, 

 after serving 

 in a lawyer's 

 office he took 

 to journalism, 

 being c o n- 

 nected with 

 The Stirling 

 Journal. I n 

 1862 he moved 

 to London, 

 where his first 

 appointment 

 was on The Globe. He was assistant 

 to Lord Morley on The Fortnightly 

 Review, but found his real metier 

 as assistant to Bagehot on The 

 Economist. 



In 1876, having been for a short 

 time city editor of The Daily News 

 and then of The Times, Giffen 

 entered the civil service as head of 

 the statistical department of the 

 board of trade. There he re- 

 mained until 1897. having been con- 

 troller-general of its commercial, 

 labour, and statistical departments 

 during fifteen years. In 1895 he 

 was knighted, and he died April 

 12. 1910. Giffen was a recognized 

 authority on statistical and finan- 

 cial matters, and his works include 

 The Growth of Capital, 1890: Econ- 

 omic Enquiries and Studies, 1904. 



Gifford, WILLIAM (1756-1826). 

 British writer and controversialist. 

 Son of a glazier, he was born at 

 Ashburton, Devonshire, and, left 

 an orphan at the age of twelve, be- 

 came first a cabin boy on a coasting 

 steamer, and then apprentice to 

 a shoemaker. Devoting his spare 

 time to the studv of mathematics 



here, 1824-52, 



The Liebig Museum, usod 



laboratory by J. Liebig from 1824-52 



