GILES 



3529 



GILL 



of E. long. But his most success- 

 ful journey was in 1874, when, at 

 the end of Sept., with a well- 

 equipped party 

 and numerous 

 camels, he left 

 Fowler's Bay, 

 and after many 

 vicissitudes 

 and hardships 

 reached Perth 

 on Nov. 13. 



In 1876 he 



Ernest Giles, again traversed 

 British explorer t he continent. 

 Leaving PiaSprings, in 21 1' S. lat., 

 116 45' E. long., on April 10, and 

 travelling to the 23rd parallel, he 

 made a general N.E. course, cross- 

 ing the headwaters of the Murchi- 

 son, passing Mount Gould, and 

 tracing the Ashburton River to 

 its source. He reached Mount 

 O'Halloran, Aug. 19, and Peake 

 Station, Aug. 23. Towards the end 

 of 1882 he explored the country W. 

 of the Peake. He wrote Geographic 

 Travels in Central Australia, 1875 ; 

 and Australia Twice Traversed, 

 1889. 



Giles. HERBERT ALLEN (b.1845). 

 British scholar. Born Dec. 8, 1845, 

 4th son of J. A. Giles (d. 1884), 

 he was edu- 

 cated at the 

 Charterhouse, 

 and joined the 

 China consular 

 service in 186 7. 

 He was -vice- 

 consul at Pag- 

 oda Island, 

 1880, and 

 Shanghai, EL A. Giles, 



1883, and con- British scholar 

 sul at Tamsui, 1885, and Ningpo, 

 1 89 1 . Resigning in 1 893, he became 

 professor of Chinese at Cambridge 

 University, and. was first lecturer on 

 Chinese on the Dean Lung Foun- 

 dation, Columbia University, New 

 York, 1902. In addition to his 

 Longinus, 1870, he was the author of 

 many books on the language, liter- 

 ature, art, and religion of China, 

 including a History of Chinese 

 Literature, 1901 ; Religions of An- 

 cient China, 1905 ; The Civilization 

 of China, 1911 ; Confucianism and 

 Its Rivals, 1915 ; Introduction to 

 Chinese Art, 1905, 2nd ed. 1918. 

 He compiled a Chinese-English 

 Dictionary, 1892, 2nd ed. 1912; 

 and a Chinese Biographical Dic- 

 tionary, 1897. 



His 4th son, Lionel Giles (b. Dec. 

 9, 1875), assistant in the depart- 

 ment of Oriental Printed Books 

 and MSS. in the British Museum, 

 secretary of the China Society, and 

 examiner in Chinese at Cambridge 

 and London universities, was edu- 

 cated at the College S. Servais, 

 Liege, Feldkircn, Austrian Tirol, 



Aberdeen University, and Wad- 

 ham College, Oxford. During the 

 Great War he was attached to the 

 intelligence department of the 

 Admiralty. He has written several 

 works on Chinese subjects and 

 translations from the Chinese, has 

 compiled an Alphabetical Index to 

 the Chinese Encyclopaedia, and 

 contributes the article on China to 

 the Universal Encyclopedia. 



Gilfillan, GEORGE (1813-78). 

 Scottish author. Born at Comrie, 

 Perthshire, Jan. 30, 1813, son of a 

 secession minis- _- 

 ter, he was edu- \ 

 cated at Glas- 

 gow Universitv. 

 In 1830 he be- fi 

 came minister 

 of School Wynd 

 Church, D u n - 

 dee, where he 

 remained till i 

 his death, 

 Aug. 13, 1878. 

 Between 1845-54 he published 

 three series of critical estimates 

 under the title of A Gallery of 

 Literary Portraits, and wrote 

 Lives of Scott, 1870, and Burns, 

 1878. ee Memoir, R. A. and E. S. 

 Watson, 1892. 



Gilgal (Heb., stone-circle). 

 Name given in the O.T. to various 

 places. At one, near Jericho, a 

 place of sacrifice in the days of 

 Samuel, Saul gathered his people 

 against the Philistines. 



Gilgamesh. Hero of a Baby- 

 lonian epic, by some identified as 

 Nimrod (q.v.). In the twelve books 

 of the epic, corresponding more or 

 less closely to the twelve months 

 of the year, his adventures are set 

 forth ; he is a man of mighty 

 strength, a great hunter, and, as 

 ruler of Erech, so evil that 

 the people pray to the gods 

 against him. 



Gilgamesh incurs the enmity of 

 the goddess Ishtar; he journeys to 

 the land of the dead, and the account 

 of that journey gives occasion for 

 narrating the Babylonian story of 

 the Flood. The account of Gil- 

 gamesh has remarkable parallels 

 with that of Hercules. ee The 

 Religions of Ancient Egypt and 

 Babylonia, A. H. Sayce, 1902. 



Gilgandra. Township of New 

 South Wales. It is 324 m. by rly. 

 from Sydney, and in a wheat-pro- 

 ducing district Pop. 2,204. 



Giigit. District, town, and river 

 of Kashmir, India. Lying on the 

 S. slopes of the Hindu Kush, the 

 dist. includes the valleys of Giigit, 

 Chitral, Swat, and Ladak. Area, 

 25,000 sq. m. The town stands at 

 an elevation of 4,900 ft. above the 

 level of the sea, 125 m. N.W. of 

 Srinagar. Since 1889 it has been 

 a British Agency. 



Gilia. Genus of annual herbs of 

 the natural order Polemoniaceae. 

 They are natives of the warm, but 

 not tropical, regions of America. 

 They have abundant flowers of 

 funnel or salver shape, blue, rose, 

 yellow, purple, white, etc. 



Gilkin, IWAN (b. 1858). Belgian 

 poet. Born at Brussels, he was 

 educated at the university of 

 Louvain, where he was known as 

 one of the brilliant group of young 

 Belgian poets headed by Emile 

 Verhaeren. His contributions to 

 La Semaine des Etudiants, 1879-81, 

 and to La Jeune Belgique, 1881, 

 attracted much attention. He is 

 the author of Damnation de 

 F Artiste, 1890; Stances Dorees, 

 1893; La Nuit, his most character- 

 istic work, 1897; Promethee, 1899. 



Gill. Organ of respiration in 

 animals that habitually live in 

 water and do not rise to the sur- 

 face to inhale air. They are found 

 in fishes, crustaceans, many mol- 

 luscs, the larval stages of batra- 

 chians and some insects, and in 

 certain lower forms of life. They 

 are so constructed as to present 

 the largest possible surface con- 

 taining capillary blood-vessels to 

 the water in order that the con- 

 tained oxygen may be brought into 

 contact with the blood. Gills may 





Gilgamesh, the Babylonian Hercules, 

 strangling a lion 



From a sculpture in tfte Lovvre, Paris 



