GILL 



3530 



GILLINGHAM 



vary in their structure from 

 simple slits in the body wall to 

 more or less elaborate plates, 

 filaments, and leaf -like organs. The 

 gills in fish and many other animals 

 are situated at the sides of the 

 head or neck, but in some crusta- 

 ceans they are found on the limbs ; 

 certain echinoderms carry them 

 on the tentacles. No vertebrates 

 higher than fishes and batrachians 

 breathe with gills in the adult 

 stage, but gill clefts are present 

 in an early stage of the develop- 

 ment of the embryo. The gills of 

 insects (as May flies) whose larvae 

 pass most of their lives in water 

 are called tracheal gills, from the 

 fact that they are permeated by 

 fine air tubes. See Fish. 



Gill. In engineering, the flat 

 plate or fin fitted to the tubes of 

 a radiator or water cooler in order 

 to facilitate the dissipation of heat. 

 Gill. Dry and liquid measure 

 of capacity, used in Great Britain 

 and the U.S.A. The gill equals 

 one quarter of a pint, and contains 

 7 '2 19 cubic ins. The word was 

 formerly used in Scotland and N. 

 England for half a pint, and in 

 Jamaica is popularly used for the 

 sum of three-farthings. Gill is 

 derived from the late Latin gillo, a 

 wine vessel. Pron. Jill. 



Gill. Lough or lake of Ireland. 

 It is mainly in co. Sligo and partly 

 in co. Leitrim ; length 5 m., ex- 

 treme breadth 2 m. It is navigable 

 by small steamers. 



GUI, SIR DAVID (1843-1914). 

 British astronomer. Born at 

 Aberdeen, June 12, 1843, and 

 educated at 

 Aberdeen Uni- 

 versity, he be- 

 came interested 

 in astronomy, 

 erecting his 

 own observa- 

 tory. On taking 

 charge of Lord 

 Lindsay's ob- 

 servatory h e 

 went out to 

 swaine Mauritius and 



observed the transit of Venus. 

 Thenceforward he carried out a 

 series of observations which have 

 had a far-reaching effect on as- 

 tronomical progress and research. 

 In 1877 he went to Ascension 

 Island to determine the solar 

 parallax by a study of the move- 

 ments of the planet Mars, receiving 

 the gold medal of the Royal Astro- 

 nomical Society; in 1882 he took 

 fresh measurements of the transit 

 of Venus, and photographed the 

 great comet of that year. 



Appointed astronomer-royal at 

 the Cape of Good Hope in 1879, a 

 post he held for 28 years, Gill 

 carried out there his greatest work, 



Sir David Gill, 

 British astronomer 



G-/LLS 



Gill. Cast-iron gilled pipe as used for 

 beating churches, public buildings, etc. 



the magnificent catalogue of the 

 stars of the southern hemisphere. 

 This catalogue, comprising nearly 

 half a million stars, was completed 

 in 1900. He was created K.C.B. in 

 1900, and died Aug. 27, 1914. 

 Among his many published works 

 the more important are Catalogues 

 of Stars for the Equinoxes, 1850, 

 1860, 1885, 1890, 1900; History 

 and Description of the Royal 

 Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, 

 1913 ; and many scientific papers. 

 Gillain,CYRiAQUE CYPRIEN VIC- 

 TOR (b. 1857). Belgian soldier. 

 Born Aug. 11, 1857, he entered the 

 army as a pri- 

 vate at the age 

 of eighteen. 

 After three 

 years' servicehe 

 passed through 

 the Military 

 Academy, join- 

 ing the cavalry 

 in 1880. From 

 1888-96 he 

 served in the 

 Congo, and in 



C. C. V. Gillain, 

 Belgian soldier 



1913 became colonel of the 4th Lan- 

 cers, which regiment he commanded 

 at the outbreak of the Great War. 



From Oct., 1914, he commanded 

 the first cavalry brigade, partici- 

 pating in the battle of the Yser. 

 Major-general in 1915, and lieut.- 

 general in 1917, he was placed in 

 command of the 5th Division. He 

 succeeded Rucquoy as chief of the 

 staff in April, 1918. By his vic- 

 tory in the battle of Thourout- 

 Thielt, Oct. 14-16, he freed the 

 Belgian coast from the Germans. 



Gillespie, SIR ROBERT ROLLO 

 (1766-1814). British soldier. The 

 son of Robert Gillespie, a land- 

 owner in co. Down, he was born at 

 Comber therein, Jan. 21, 1766. 

 Educated privately, he obtained a 

 commission in the army in 1783. 

 In 1787 he killed a man in a duel 

 and was tried for wilful murder, 

 but the result was a verdict in his 

 favour. His first spell of active 

 service was in 1794 in San Do- 

 mingo, where he fought as a volun- 

 teer for the French against the 

 rebels. Gillespie's reputation rests 

 upon his services in India, whither 

 he sailed in 1805. He was made 

 commandant of Arcot, from which 



Sir Robert Rollo 



Gillespie, 

 British soldier 



From a miniature 



he made his 

 famous ride to 

 Vellore, July 

 10, 1806. He 

 entered the 

 fort and in- 

 spired the 

 defenders t o 

 hold it until 

 help arrived. 



In 1811 Gil- 

 lespie held a 

 command in a 

 force sent to Java, and led the 

 attack on Batavia, but he was 

 involved in a serious quarrel with 

 Sir Stamford Raffles, the governor. 

 He had returned to India, and was 

 serving in a war against Nepal, 

 when he was killed in leading a 

 desperate rush on the fort of 

 Kalunga, Oct. 31, 1814. In 1815 

 he was posthumously knighted. 



Gillette, WILLIAM (b. 1855). 

 American actor and playwright. 

 Born at Hartford, U.S.A., July 24, 

 1855, and edu- 

 cated at New 

 York and Bos- 

 ton Universi- 

 ties, he made 

 his profession- 

 al debut in 

 1875 at Bos- 

 ton, and first 

 appeared at 

 New York in 

 1877. Of his 

 own plays, the 

 most popular 

 have been 

 Secret Service, 

 1896; an adap- 

 tation, with 

 Conan Doyle, 

 of Sherlock 

 Holmes, 1899; and Clarice, 1905. 



Gillie. Old name for a Highland 

 man-servant. It is now used to 

 denote one who assists his master 

 on deerstalking and fishing ex- 

 peditions in the Scottish Highlands. 

 See Deerstalking. 



Gillies, JOHN (1747-1836). Scot- 

 tish historian. Born at Brechin.. 

 Forfarshire, Jan. 18, 1747, and 

 educated a t 

 the University 

 o f Glasgow, 

 in 1793 he be- 

 came historio- 

 grapher royal 

 for Scotland. 

 His History of 

 Ancient 

 Greece, 1786, 

 was long con- 

 sidered a 

 standard work. 

 15, 1836. 

 Gillingham 



William Gillette as 

 Sherlock Holmes 



John Gillies, 

 Scottish historian 



He died Feb. 

 Market town of 





Dorset. It stands on the Stour, 23m. 

 W.S. W. of Salisbury, with a station 

 on the L. & S.W. Rly. The main 



