G1LLINGHAM 



GILOLO 



industry is the marketing of 

 agricultural produce. The chief 

 building is the church of S. Mary 

 the Virgin. Market day. Monday. 

 Pop. 3,570. 



Gillingham. Mun. bor. of Kent. 

 It stands on the Medway to the E. 

 of Chatham, of which it is virtu- 

 ally a suburb, and is served by 

 the S.E. & C. Ely., being 36 in. 

 from London It has a fine Per- 

 pendicular church with a curious 

 Norman font, but most of the build- 

 ing is modern. It was made a 

 borough in 1903, and includes the 

 districts of Brompton and New 

 Brompton. The industries include 

 the making of bricks and cement, 

 while many of the inhabitants 

 work in the dockyards of Chatham. 

 The corporation owns the elec- 

 tricity undertaking, and provides 

 a park, recreation ground, and 

 cemeteries It has a new drainage 

 system. One member is returned 

 to Parliament, the borough form- 

 ing for this purpose a division of 

 Chatham. Gillingham existed in 

 Anglo-Saxon times. It became a 

 market town in the time of Ed- 

 ward III, and was one of the chief 

 stations of the navy until sup- 

 planted by Chatham. Pop. 52,252. 

 Gillingham, FRANK HAY (b. 

 1875). English clergyman and 

 cricketer. He was born Sept. 6, 

 1875, at Tokyo, 

 Japan, and was 

 educated at 

 Dulwich and 

 Durham Uni- 

 versity. Hav- 

 ing been or- 

 dained, he was 



^^^ ^^^^ curate at S. 

 F. H. Gillingham, James the Less, 

 English cricketer Bethnal Green, 

 Russeii and in 1914 



was appointed rector of S. Mary 

 Magdalene, Bermondsey. He 

 qualified to play for Essex, for 

 which county he first appeared in 

 1903. In 1904, against Middlesex 

 at Lord's, he played an innings of 

 201, his highest in first-class 

 cricket, and in 1908 made 1,033 

 runs in 29 innings. 



Gillott, JOSEPH (1799-1873). 

 British penmaker. Born at Shef- 

 field, Oct. 11, 1799, he served his 



time as a cut- r 



ler. In 1821 

 he moved to 

 Birmingham, _ <r 



where in 1830 wfl 

 he began ex- 

 perimenting in 

 steel nib mak- 

 ing. His first 

 improvement 

 was the intro- Joseph Gillott, 

 duct ion of British penmaker 

 side slits in addition to the centre 

 slit, which made the nib more 



pliable. His next improvement 

 was to cross-grind the point. So 

 far all his work had been performed 

 in secrecy, the finished nibs being 

 sold to a stationer at the price of 

 a shilling each. In 1859 he 

 opened a large factory, and the 

 business soon became one of the 

 largest of its kind. Gillott made a 

 fortune, much of which was spent 

 on a collection of pictures, which 

 at his death was sold for 170,000. 

 He died at Edgbaston, Jan. 5, 1873. 



Gillow, ROBERT (d. 1773). Eng- 

 lish furniture maker and designer. 

 Gillow set up a cabinet-making 

 business at Lancaster about 1730, 

 and opened a London house in 

 1761. The business was greatly 

 developed by his sons, Richard, 

 Robert, and Thomas, whose high 

 standards of craftsmanship were 

 worthy of the designs made for 

 them, among others by George 

 Hepplewhite, and from about 1790 

 to 1800 by Thomas Sheraton. 

 Gillow and Barton, as the firm 

 became, were credited with the 

 introduction of the telescopic 

 dining -table, and were the leading 

 furniture makers of the 18th cen- 

 tury in England. See Furniture. 



Gillray, JAMES (1757-1815). 

 British caricaturist. Born pro- 

 bably at Chelsea, of Scottish or 

 Irish descent, he was apprenticed 

 to a letter-engraver. Later he 

 attended the R.A. Schools and 

 studied engraving under W. W. 

 Ryland and Bartolozzi. His ap- 

 titude for caricature, at first con- 

 fined to social foibles, early dis- 

 played itself 

 anonymous 1 y, 

 but in 1779 his 

 plate of Paddy 

 on Horseback, 

 published un- 

 der his own 

 name , an- 

 nounced h i s 

 entrance into 

 the political 

 arena. 



From this date until he died, 

 virtually demented, in London on 

 June 1, 1815, he produced no 

 fewer than 1,500 pieces, mostly 

 caustic. He spared no one. George 

 III and his queen were as ruth- 

 lessly assailed as William Pitt, 

 Charles James Fox, and other 

 party leaders, and the public 

 vociferously applauded all. His 

 illustrations of social manners and 

 customs are invaluable to the 

 historian. See Caricature. 



Gillwell Park. Scout officers' 

 training centre. Situated in 

 Epping Forest, about 1 m. from 

 Chingford station, it comprises 55 

 acres of open ground and woodland 

 with an historical mansion tracing 

 descent from a hunting lodge of 



Edward VI. It was presented to 

 the Boy Scouts' Association by 

 W. F. de Bois Maclaren, District 

 Scout Commisioner for Roseneath, 

 Dumbartonshire, and was opened 

 July 26, 1919. The scoutmasters 

 are housed in the mansion, and the 

 surrounding grounds form an ideal 

 centre where knowledge of field- 

 craft, campcraft, pioneering, and 

 pathfinding is acquired. Scout- 

 masters from all over the world 

 attend in groups of twenty -four for 

 a ten days' course. See Boy Scouts. 



Gillyflower. Name originally 

 applied to carnation (Dianthvs 

 caryophyllus), but now used chiefly 

 f or stocks (Malthiola) and wallflower 

 (Cheiranihus). It is a corruption 

 of Fr. giroflee, which is derived from 

 Gr. karyo phyllon, nut-leaf, clove- 

 tree, in reference to the clove -like 

 smell. See Stock ; Wallflower. 



Gilman, DANIEL COIT (1831- 

 1908). American educationalist. 

 Born at Norwich, Connecticut, 

 July 6, 1831, 

 he was edu- 

 cated at Yale, 

 New Haven, 

 and Berlin _ 

 Universi ties. ' 

 He became 

 librarian and, 

 in 1856, pro- 

 fessor of 

 physical and Daniel C. Gilman, 

 political geo- American edu- 



graphy at 

 Yale, 



cationalist 



e, and president of the Uni- 

 versity of California, 1872-75. He 

 helped to found and was first 

 president of, 1875-1901, John 

 Hopkins University, Baltimore. He 

 served on the Venezuela Boundary 

 Commission, 1896; was president 

 of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- 

 ington, 1901-4; executive officer 

 of the geological survey of Mary- 

 land, and president of the National 

 Civil Service Reform League and 

 of the American Bible Society. 



His books include University 

 Problems, 1898 ; a Memoir of 

 James D. Dana, Geologist, 1899 : 

 James Monroe in His Relations to 

 the Public Service (1776-1826), 

 1883, 2nd ed. 1898 ; Science and 

 Letters in Yale, 1901. He edited De 

 Tocqueville's Democracy in Amer- 

 ica, and the miscellaneous writings 

 of Francis Lieber, and was one of 

 the general editors of the first edi- 

 tion of the New International Ency- 

 clopaedia, 1902-4. He died Oct. 13, 

 1908. See Life, F. Franklin, 1910. 



Gilolo OR HALMAHERA. Island 

 of the Malay Archipelago, one of 

 the Moluccas or Spice Islands be- 

 longing to Holland. It consists of 

 four peninsulas, two in the N., one 

 E., and one S. The Molucca pas- 

 sage separates it from Celebes in 

 the W., and Pitts Passage divides 



