GIRLS' FRIENDLVT SOCIETY 



3538 



Girls' Friendly Society. 



Church organization for the benefit 

 of girls of all classes, with branches 

 all over the world. Its aims are to 

 band together in one society 

 women and girls as associates and 

 members, for their mutual help 

 (religious and secular), to encour- 

 age purity of life, dutifulness to 

 parents, faithfulness to employers, 

 temperance and thrift, and to pro- 

 vide the privileges of the society 

 for its members, wherever they 

 may be, by giving an introduction 

 from one branch to another. 



Any member, associate, or can- 

 didate who emigrates to any part 

 of the British Dominions overseas 

 is given protection while travelling, 

 is received by an overseas member 

 on landing, and has employment 

 found for her. Associates are re- 

 quired to belong to the Church of 

 England, but this restriction does 

 not apply to ordinary members, 

 who may be of any recognized de- 

 nomination. Every incumbent of a 

 living is ex-officio patron of the 

 society in his own parish. 



The Society was founded in 1875 

 and its membership is about 

 160,000. The headquarters are at 

 39, yictoria Street, London, S.W. 



Girnar. Sacred hill of India, 

 in Kathiawar, Bombay, 10m. E. of 

 Junagarh town. There are numer- 

 ous Jain temples on the hill, which 

 is one of the sacred places of the 

 Jains. The hill has five principal 

 peaks, the highest being Gorakh- 

 neth, 3,666 ft. above sea level. 



Giron OR JIEON. Town of Co- 

 lombia, S. America, in the prov. of 

 Saritander. It stands on the river 

 Lebrija, 10 m. S.W. of Bucara- 

 manga, with manufactures of to- 

 bacco. There are gold mines in the 

 surrounding districts. The town 

 was founded by Jesuits in 1631. 

 Pop. 6,202. 



Gironde , LA. Estuary of France. 

 It is formed by the union of the 

 Garonne and the Dordogne, and 

 is about 50 m. from there to its 

 mouth in the Bay of Biscay. Its 

 width varies from 2 m. to 6 m., 

 and in spite of certain obstructions 

 large vessels can pass up it to 

 Bordeaux. At its mouth is the 

 Tower of Cordouan, a lighthouse 

 standing on an island. 



Gironde. Department of S.W. 

 France. Named after the estuary, 

 its area is 4,140 sq. m. It fronts 

 the Bay of Biscay on the W., and 

 this western section forms part of 

 the district called the Landes, 

 being a low and sandy plain con- 

 taining several lakes and the bay 

 or basin of Arcachon. The eastern 

 part of the dept. is undulating and 

 the soil very fertile. Cereals are 

 grown, but the chief industry is the 

 cultivation of the vine, and there 



are vineyards almost everywhere. 

 From here come the varieties of 

 wine known, from the districts in 

 which they are grown, as Graves, 

 Medoc, Sauterne, and others. The 

 climate and soil are also favourable 



Gironde. Map of the French department on the Bay of 



Biscay, showing the estuary of the Dordogne and 



Garonne rivers 



for fruit-growing generally, while 

 many cattle are reared. Bor- 

 deaux is the capital of the depart- 

 ment, which is divided into six 

 arrondissements. Other towns are 

 Blaye, Arcachon, Li bourne, Pauil- 

 lac, and St. Macaire. 



Girondins OR GIRONDISTS. Name 

 given to one of the political parties 

 of the French Revolution. It was 

 given because several of its early 

 members had represented the dept. 

 of Gironde in the legislative assem- 

 bly. Brissot (q. v. ) was their leader ; 

 hence they were sometimes called 

 Brissotins. Other prominent mem- 

 bers were Condorcet, Barbaroux, 

 and Vergniaud, while Madame 

 Roland was a great influence in 

 the party. 



The Girondins originated in a 

 schism in the Jacobin Club, first 

 appearing in 1791. They were then 

 the more moderate section of the 

 Republican party, and in March, 

 1792, being the largest group in the 

 assembly, Louis entrusted them 

 with the control of affairs, and 

 they declared war on Austria. 

 Although both parties were hi 

 favour of destroying the monarchy, 

 the struggle between the Girondins 

 and the other Jacobins called the 

 Mountain came to a head in the 

 National Convention, in which the 

 former were about 180 strong. 



Robespierre, Marat, and Danton 

 were attacked by the Giroiidin 

 orators, who, however, lost their 

 support in the country, and fell from 

 power by a coup d'etat in June, 1793. 

 Twenty-two of them were arrested, 

 while others fled 

 to the country 

 and stirred up 

 rebellion. After a 

 trial, which was a 

 travesty of jus- 

 tice, 21 of them 

 were executed, 

 Oct. 31, 1793, 

 others being 

 executed later. 

 After the fall of 

 Robespierre a few 

 of them returned 

 to the Conven- 

 tion. See, French 

 Revolution. 



Girouard, SIR 

 EDOUARD PERCY 

 CRANWELL (b. 

 1867). British 

 soldier. Born in 

 Montreal, Jan. 26, 

 1867, he was edu- 

 cated at the Royal 

 Military College, 

 Kingston, and en- 

 tered the army in 

 1888. He served 

 with the Dongola 

 expeditionary 

 force, 1896, when 



he gained the D.S.O., and in the 

 Nile expedition, 1897. He was rly. 

 traffic manager, Woolwich , 1 890 -95, 

 director of Sudan rlys., 1896-98, 

 director of rlys., S. Africa, 1899- 

 1902, and, during the next two 

 years, was commissioner of rlys., 

 Transvaal and Orange RiverColony. 



In 1906 he was A.Q.M.G. of the 

 western command, Chester : high 

 commissioner of N. Nigeria, ] 907-8, 

 and governor 

 and command- 

 er-in -chief of E. 

 Africa, 1909- 

 12. In 1912 he 

 joined the 

 board of Arm- 

 strong, Whit- 

 worth & Co. 

 When Lloyd 

 George became 

 minister of 

 munitions i n 

 May, 1915, he appointed Girouard 

 his chief organizer, with the title of 

 director-general of munitions sup- 

 ply. He was created K.C.M.G. in 

 1900, and wrote A History of Rail- 

 ways during the War in S. Africa. 



Girtin, THOMAS (1775-1802). 

 Englislrwater-colour painter. Born 

 in Southwark, Feb. 18, 1775, he 

 received lessons from Edward 

 Dayes (1763-1804), and frequently 

 accompanied J. M. W. Turner to 



Sir Percy Girouard, 

 British soldier 



Elliott & Fry 



