GLADSTONE 



bearing a number of blossoms on 

 stiff, almost upright, spikes. The 

 corms, or bulbs, should be planted 

 in springtime, about 4 iris, deep in 

 ordinary rich soil, with a dash of 

 silver sand at the base of each bulb. 

 It is advisable to dig them up 

 after flowering, in late autumn, 

 and keep them in a cool, dry place 

 \intil the following spring. For 

 show purposes they may be forced 

 by potting up in Nov., in a tem- 

 perature averaging 60. They are 

 propagated from seeds sown in 

 pans in Feb., or by bulblets 

 separated from the parent conn and 

 planted out of doors m early spring. 

 Gladstone. Town of Queens- 

 land, Australia. It stands on the 

 fine natural harbour of Port Cur- 

 tis, 354 m. N. of Brisbane. It is the 

 outlet of a number of mining areas 

 producing gold, silver, and man- 

 ganese, and is in a rich pastoral 

 district. Pop. 1,294. 



Gladstone, HERBERT JOHN 

 GLADSTONE, IST VISCOUNT (b.1854). 

 British politician. Born Jan. 7, 

 1854, the youngest son of W. E. 

 Gladstone/ he was educated at 

 Eton and University College, Ox- 

 ford. He distinguished himself in 

 history, and was for a few years 

 history lecturer at Keble College. 

 In 1880 he was returned for West 

 Leeds, and be- 

 came private 

 secretary to 

 t h e premier. 

 From 1881-85 

 he was a lord 

 of the trea- 

 sury, and in 

 1886 financial 

 secretary to 

 the war 

 office. 



From 1892- 

 94 he was 



liUS&ell i 



under - secre- 

 tary for home affairs, and in 

 1894-95 first commissioner oi 

 works. In 1899, during the Liberal 

 split, Gladstone undertook the 

 thankless office of chief whip, and 

 was rewarded in 1905 by being 

 made home secretary. In 1909 he 

 was chosen governor-general of S. 

 Africa, and made a viscount. He 

 remained there until 1914, and 

 during the Great War was an active 

 worker on behalf of the Belgian 

 refugees. 



Gladstone was one of a family of 

 four sons and four daughters. His 

 eldest brother, William Henry 

 Gladstone, M.P., died July 4, 1891, 

 leaving an only son, W. G. C. Glad- 

 stone, M.P. The other brothers 

 were Henry, who entered business 

 life, and Stephen, rector of Hawar- 

 den, who died April 23, 1920. A 

 sister Helen was principal of Newn- 

 ham College, Cambridge, 1882-96. 



3543 



GLADSTONE 



WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE 



Bight Hon. G. W. E. Russell , Author of W. E. Oladstoi 



For the political events with which Gladstone was associated see 



United Kingdom ; National Finance ; Ireland ; Home Rule, etc. 



See also articles on Victoria ; Beaconsfield ; Palmerston ; Peel ; 



Russell, and other contemporaries 



William Ewart Gladstone was 

 born at 62, Rodney St., Liverpool, 

 Dec. 29, 1809. He was the youngest 

 son of Sir John Gladstone, Bart., 

 M.P. (1764-1851), by his marriage 

 with Anne Robertson, and he was 

 accustomed to say that there was 

 not a drop of blood in his veins 

 that was not Scottish. The family 

 was a Lanarkshire one, but Sir 

 John had settled in Liverpool, 

 where he made a fortune. 



Gladstone spent his early years 

 mainly at Seaforth, where he had a 

 private tutor. In 1821 he went to 

 Eton,where he remained until 1827. 

 He then read with a tutor at 

 Wilmslow, and in Oct., 1828, went 

 to Oxford, entering Christ Church, 

 where in 1829 he obtained a 

 studentship. " At Eton," said 

 Bishop Hamilton, " I was a 

 thoroughly idle bov, but I was 

 saved from some worse things by 

 getting to know Gladstone." At 

 Oxford his high character was 

 equally apparent. 



At Christmas, 1831, Gladstone 

 took his degree, a double first, and 

 then came the choice of a pro- 

 fession. Relieved from the neces- 

 sity of making his own fortune, he 

 turned his attention to the Church. 

 But his father had resolved to 

 make him a politician, and the 

 paternal will prevailed. A seat was 

 easily found for the young Tory, 

 who at Eton, and still more at 

 Oxford, had shown a distinct gift 

 for public speaking. At the general 

 election inDec.,1 832, he was elected 

 for Newark, and in Jan., 1833, he 

 took his seat in the first reformed 

 parliament. In 1834 he was ap- 

 pointed by Peel a junior lord of 

 the treasury, and in 1835 he be- 

 came under - secretary for the 

 Colonies. In a few weeks, however, 

 his party was out of office. 



In 1841, when the Tories re- 

 turned to power, Gladstone was 

 made vice-president of the board 

 of trade. He became acting pre- 

 sident in 1843, entering a cabinet 



from a photograph by Lo 

 Stereoscopic Co., taken in 



