GLAMOUR 



3546 



GLAS 



Glamorgan. Map of the county in which are situated the principal coal- 

 fields of South Wales 



The chief rivers are the Taff, 

 the Tawe, Cynon, Ogwr, Rhondda, 

 Rhymney, all short and flowing 

 southwards. In the N. of the co. 

 are mts., a continuation of those in 

 Brecknockshire, the highest point 

 being nearly 2,000 ft. high. There 

 is some beautiful scenery, especially 

 in the vale of Neath, with its series 

 of waterfalls. Cardiff, Swansea, 

 and Merthyr Tydfil are the largest 

 towns. 



The chief industry is coal- 

 mining, which has developed enor- 

 mously since about 1850 ; older 

 are the tinplating and smelting, 

 which made Swansea and Merthyr 

 Tydfil. There is a good deal of 

 agriculture carried on, especially 

 in the vale of Glamorgan, where 

 the soil is rich. 



The county, known to the Welsh 

 as Morganwg, was conquered by 

 the Normans in the llth and 12th 

 centuries, and several castles were 

 built here as defences against the 

 Welsh from the N. Monasteries 

 were founded at Neath, Margam, 

 and elsewhere, and Glamorgan- 

 shire, smaller than it is to-day for 

 Gower was outside it was a co. 

 palatine. Cowbridge, Kenfig, Llan- 

 trisant, Neath, and Aberavon be- 

 came chartered towns. The earls 

 of Gloucester and then other 

 baronial families were lords of 

 Glamorgan, and in the time of 

 'Edward VT the title was given to 

 William Herbert, who afterwards 

 became earl of Pembroke. 



The ruined castles in the co. 

 include Caerphilly, Oystermouth, 

 Llanblethian, Penarth, and Swan- 

 sea. Cardiff, St. Donats, Dun- 

 raven, and Penrice have been 

 restored, and are now inhabited. 

 Ewenny has a fine church and 

 ruins of an abbey. The co. area is 

 487,329 acres, or just ever 800 sq. 

 m., and the pop. 1,252,701. It sends 

 seven members to Parliament. 



Glamour. Word meaning fas- 

 cination or enchantment. It im- 

 plies power to make things seem 

 more pleasant or attractive than 

 they really are. Originally it meant 

 a kind of spell by which a person 

 was brought under the control of 

 another. The word is a corruption 

 of grammar, meaning first a know- 

 ledge of grammar and then a know- 

 ledge of magic. See Hypnotism. 



Gland (Lat. glans, acorn). 

 Organ of the body which secretes 

 fluid or material essential for the 

 maintenance of health. 



Glanders (Lat. glandulae, 

 glands). Disease of horses due to 

 infection by a bacillus (B. mallei). 

 In rare instances it is communi- 

 cated to man by contagion, usually 

 through an abrasion of the skin. 

 When the lymphatic glands and 

 vessels are involved, the disease is 

 known as farcy. In the horse the 

 lungs are always affected, and fre- 

 quently the nasal mucous mem- 

 brane. Nodules form which ulcer- 

 ate. The enlarged lymphatic glands 

 are known as farcy buds. 



In man there is an acute and 

 chronic form of glanders, and an 

 acute and chronic form of farcy. 

 The acute form of glanders begins 

 three or four days after infection. 

 Nodules appear on the mucous 

 membrane of the nose, which 

 rapidly break out into ulcers. A 

 pustular eruption appears on the 

 face, and has led to tne condition 

 being mistaken for small-pox. This 

 form is invariably fatal, death 

 usually occurring from pneumonia. 



Glanvill, RANULF DE (d. 1190). 

 English lawyer. Born at Stratford, 

 Suffolk, he entered the service of ' 

 Henry II. In 1 163 he was sheriff of 

 Yorkshire, and he was afterwards 

 sheriff of Lancashire. In 1176 he 

 was made a judge and from 1180 to 

 1189 was chief justiciar of Eng- 

 land. Richard I deprived him of 



his office and put him in prison, 

 but he is said to have been on 

 crusade at Acre when he died. 

 Glanvill is known by his Treatise 

 concerning the laws and customs of 

 the English kingdom. This is a 

 unique and invaluable account of 

 the subject. He was also Henry's 

 chief helper in the judicial reforms 

 carried out in this reign. The Trea- 

 tise was first published in 1554. 



Glarnisch. Mt. range of Swit- 

 zerland. In the canton of Glarus, 

 it trends S.W. from the town of 

 Glarus, and has several imposing 

 peaks. The Vorder- Glarnisch, 

 7,648 ft. in height, is difficult and 

 laborious of ascent. Other peaks 

 are the Ruchen- Glarnisch (9,557 

 ft.) and the Bachistock (9,582 ft.). 

 Glarus. Canton of E. Switzer- 

 land. It is bounded on the N. and 

 E. by the Walen See and St. Gall, 

 S. by Grisons, and adjoins Schwyz. 

 Area, 267 sq. m. It slopes N. from 

 Mt. Todi, on which is the source of 

 the Linth. There are several lakes, 

 mineral springs, and fine water- 

 falls, besides the bold rocky group 

 of the Glarnisch. 



An Alpine canton, the climate is 

 somewhat severe and only about 

 one-fifth of the surface is arable. 

 The inhabitants are mostly Ger- 

 man-speaking, and mainly Pro- 

 testants, while the chief industries 

 are connected with textiles, cattle 

 raising, and slate-quarrying. A 

 speciality is the curious green 

 cheese known as Schabzieger, 

 which, as well as ice, is exported. 

 Glarus is the chief town. The can- 

 ton joined the Swiss Confederation 

 in 1352. 



Glarus (Romansch, Claruna; 

 Fr. Claris). Town of Switzerland, 

 capital of the canton of Glarus. It 

 stands on the river Linth, over- 

 looked by the imposing Vorder- 

 Glarnisch, 43 m. by rly. S.E. of 

 Zurich. A serious conflagration in 

 1861 destroyed nearly all the town, 

 which was founded at the end of 

 the 5th century by Fridolin, an 

 Irish monk, and was settled by 

 Germanic tribes. Zwingli (q.v.) 

 was parish priest here for 10 years. 

 The chief occupation is the manu- 

 facture of textiles. Pop. 5,000. 



Glas, JOHN (1695-1773). Scot- 

 tish divine. He was born at Auch- 

 .termuchty, Sept. 21, 1695, and 

 became minister of Tealing, near 

 Dundee, in 1719. Here he founded 

 a sect which became known as the 

 Glassites (q.v. ). For this he was de- 

 posed in 1730, but some years later 

 was again allowed to preach, but 

 not to hold office. He wrote much 

 on religious subjects. His son-in- 

 law, Robert Sandeman, assisted 

 him, and carried his ideas further, 

 founding the sect of the Sande- 

 manians. 





