GLASGOW 



3547 



OLASOOW 



GLASGOW: THE CITY AND ITS HISTORY 



George Eyre-Todd, Author of The Story of Glasgow 



This, and the article on Edinburgh, are the most important of those 



dealing with the Scottish cities and towns. For connected information 



see Scotland : History. See plso Clyde ; Dock ; Lanarkshire 



Glasgow is situated in the 

 centre of the great industrial 

 valley of the Clyde, 47 m. W. of 

 Edinburgh and 23 



m. by 

 river 



Glasgow arms 



rly. and 

 from the 

 open sea at 

 Greenock. It, is 

 the largest city in 

 Scotland and the 

 second largest 

 in the United 

 Kingdom, having 

 a population in 1921 of 1,034,174. 

 It is served by three trunk lines 

 of rly., Glasgow & South Western, 

 North British, and Caledonian, and 

 is built on a number of hills on both 

 sides of the Clyde, the oldest part 

 being on the north side. 



The city's chief buildings include 

 the cathedral, dedicated to S. 

 Mungo (also known as S. Kenti- 

 gern), built 1197-1446, and after- 

 wards restored. Its crypt and 

 chapterhouse are notable. Almost 

 alone of similar edifices in Scotland, 

 it escaped destruction at the 

 Reformation, but apart from it, 

 Glasgow, unlike Edinburgh, has 

 hardly any remains of its past. 



Principal Buildings 

 Fine modern buildings, however, 

 abound. On George Square are the 

 municipal buildings, a magnificent 

 block in the Italian Renaissance 

 style and surrounded by additions, 

 built for the work of the various 

 departments. The general post 

 office, the Merchants' House and 

 the headquarters of the Bank of 

 Scotland are here. The Royal Ex- 

 change in Queen Street is a fine 

 building, and there are many in 

 Buchanan and Sauchiehall Streets. 

 S. Andrew's Halls may be men- 

 tioned. The Art Gallery in Kelvin- 

 grove Park contains a fine collec- 

 tion of old masters. There are 

 several fine hospitals and infirma- 

 ries, including the Royal and West- 

 ern Infirmaries. Hutcheson's Hos- 

 pital, instituted for poor men, is a 

 very wealthy foundation, its surplus 

 funds having been put to educa- 

 tional uses. The Mitchell and other 

 public libraries, the observatory, 

 and the botanic gardens call for 

 notice. In addition to the univer- 

 sity, there are several colleges for 

 higher education, and special ones 

 for art, technology, and theology, 

 while schools of every size and 

 variety abound. 



Features of the city are several 

 bridges across the Clyde, fine 

 modem structures. In George 

 Square and elsewhere are statues of 



various eminent men. There are 

 many theatres, picture palaces, and 

 other places of amusement, also 

 football and recreation grounds. 

 The People's Palace on Glasgow 

 Green is a social centre. Of the 

 many parks, Kelvingrove, through 

 which the Kelvin flows, is perhaps 

 the most noteworthy. Others are 

 Queen's, Bellahouston, and Alex- 

 andra, and Cathkin Braes. Ruchill 

 Park is outside the city boundaries. 

 Glasgow Green is an older posses- 

 sion, and is, by long usage, the 

 home of popular demonstrations. 

 The Necropolis is a large cemetery 

 finely placed on a hill. 



Boundaries and Districts 

 The city boundaries have been 

 extended from time to time. Just 

 before the Great War, Glasgow was 

 enlarged to include Go van and Par- 

 tick, hitherto separate municipali- 

 ties. In addition to these and the 

 city proper, Glasgow includes the 

 residential districts of Kelvingrove 

 and Hillhead, and great industrial 

 areas, such as Bridgeton, Cara- 

 lachie, Cathcart, Gorbals, Maryhill, 

 Pollokshaws, St. Rollox, Spring- 

 burn, and Tradeston. There are an 

 abundant supply of water from 

 Lochs Katrine and Arklet, 34f m. 

 distant, system of electric tram- 

 ways and suburban rlys., ferries 

 across the river, and a subway 

 beneath. The council maintains, in 

 addition to the supplies of gas, 

 water, and electric power, a great 

 system of sewage, model lodging 



houses, etc. The harbour, which 

 includes extensive docks along the 

 Clyde, accessible for the largest 

 vessels afloat, is managed by the 

 Clyde Trust. 



HISTORY. Glasgow appears to 

 have been a place of consideration 

 as early as 397, for about that time 

 S. Ninian consecrated a Christian 

 burying-place for its inhabitants. 

 In 543 S. Mungo set up a 

 primitive church on the spot ; six 

 centuries later, in 1116, David, 

 afterwards David I, king of Scot- 

 land, made the spot the seat of a 

 Roman bishopric ; and in 1136 

 its first bishop, Achaius, began 

 the building of its first cathedral. 



About 1175 Bishop Jocelin 

 secured the foundation of Glas- 

 gow's greatness by procuring 

 a charter making his little city 

 a burgh, and establishing a 

 yearly fair in July which is 

 still held. Two centuries later 

 Bishop Rae built over the Clyde 

 there a stone bridge, which carried 

 traffic to the city for 500 years. 

 One of the bishops, Walter 

 Wardlaw, was in 1385 made a 

 cardinal by Pope Clement VTI. In 

 1491-92 Bishop Blacader had the 

 see raised to an archbishopric. 



In 1450-51 James II procured for 

 Bishop Turnbull f romPope Nicholas 

 V a bull constituting a university 

 at the bishop's city on the Clyde. 

 In 1539 Jeremy Russel, a Francis- 

 can monk of Glasgow, and John 

 Kennedy, a youth of eighteen and 

 a promising poet belonging to Ayr, 

 were burned at the E. end of 

 Glasgow Cathedral; and, in the 

 infancy of Queen Mary, Glasgow 

 had its own share in the nation's 

 troubles caused by the religious 



Glasgow. 



Map of the district showing the towns which have grown up around 

 this important centre of commerce and manufacture 



