GLASGOW 



3550 



GLASGOW 



Glasgow. Plan of the city, showing the principal buildings, railway stations and docks, and the inner suburbs 



energy, and following their ex- 

 ample a great business began. 



A type foundry was also estab- 

 lished by Alexander Wilson, from 

 which, in 1741 and onwards, the 

 brothers Foulis, printers to the 

 university, procured the type for 

 their famous editions of Latin and 

 Greek classics. Among other indus- 

 tries started in the city in the 

 18th century were bottle-blowing, 

 the weaving of inkle, or linen tape, 

 the making of delft and crystal, 

 and the manufacture of the 

 Highland dye called cudbear. 



Next came the demand for ships 

 of iron and steel. Until the end of 

 the 18th century nearly all the 

 iron used in Great Britain was 

 brought from abroad. Dr. Roe- 

 buck of Sheffield, however, estab- 

 lished the great ironworks at 

 Carron in 1760, and 26 years 

 later Thomas Edington founded 

 the Clyde ironworks at Glasgow. 

 Then in 1801 the rich seams of 

 clayband ironstone in the Clyde 

 valley were discovered by Robert 

 Mushet. Forthwith, Dixon set 

 up the great ironworks S. of the 

 city, and other great firms like the 

 Bairds followed suit. In 1828 

 James Beaumont Neilson, mana- 

 ger of the Glasgow gasworks, dis- 

 covered the advantages of the hot 

 Mast, and immediately the vast 



iron industry of the Clyde valley 

 made another bound forward. 



The Forth and Clyde canal was 

 completed in 1790, with a branch 

 to Glasgow. In the previous year 

 another canal, to bring coal from 

 the Monkland pits to the city, 

 having exhausted its capital before 

 completion, was sold by auction 

 for 500 to the firm of William 

 Stirling & Son, who spent 100,000 

 on it, and made it a great success. 

 A third canal, intended to make 

 Ardrossan the harbour of Glas- 

 gow, was begun by the earl of 

 Eglinton in 1807, and built as 

 far as Johnston. In 1758 the first 

 regular stage coach began to run 

 between Edinburgh and Glasgow, 

 making the journey of 42 m. in 

 12 hours. 



Growth of Railways 



The first railway to run out of 

 Glasgow was the Glasgow and 

 Garnkirk line in 1831. Its pas- 

 sengers were conveyed in open 

 trucks by an engine weighing seven 

 tons, which ran the distance of 

 8J m. in 1 hr. 7 mins. The Glasgow 

 and Ayr Rly. followed in 1840, the 

 Glasgow and Greenock line in 1841, 

 the Edinburgh and Glasgow Rly. 

 in 1842, and the first part of the 

 Caledonian, from Glasgow to 

 Beattock, in 1848. All these lines 

 served as feeders to the city. 



As a by-product of these rlys. 

 has giow.i up the great Glasgow 

 industry of locomotive building. 

 At the present day the North 

 British Locomotive Works at St. 

 Rollox are the largest in the world, 

 while not far short of them are the 

 huge engine-building works of the 

 Caledonian and North British rly. 

 companies. 



GOVERNMENT. The management 

 of the affairs of. this great city has 

 often been held up as a model to 

 the world. From time to time since 

 the Reformation the boundaries 

 of the city have been extended, till 

 now they lie some 4 or 5 m. distant 

 from the centre in all directions. 

 This area is divided into wards, 

 each of which sends to the govern- 

 ing body three councillors. There 

 are also added a dean of guild, 

 who is the official head of the 

 Merchants' House, and the deacon 

 convener, the head of the incor- 

 porated trades. 



This town council elects its own 

 lord provost, who holds office for 

 three years, as well as a body of 

 bailies, or magistrates, whose chief 

 duty is to preside in the police 

 courts. The council administers 

 the affairs of the city through 

 committees of its members, and 

 from time to time procures Acts 

 of Parliament to enable it to levy 



