GLAUCHAU 



3556 



GLEE 



Glauchau. Town of Germany, 

 in Saxony. Situated on the right 

 bank of the Mulde, 8 m. N.N.E. of 

 Zwickau, and due W. of Chemnitz, 

 it is a busy manufacturing centre. 

 Pop. 25,155. 



Glaucia,GAius SERvious.Dema- 

 gogue of ancient Rome. He was 

 closely associated with Saturninus, 

 another demagogue, in agrarian 

 and other popular proposals 

 brought forward in 100 B.C. He 

 and Saturninus were supporters of 

 Marius, who, after he had made use 

 of them, abandoned them to their 

 fate, and both were killed by a 

 band of nobles. See Saturninus. 



Glaucoma (Gr. glaukos, bluish 

 green). Disease of the eye charac- 

 terised by an increase of tension or 

 pressure of the fluids within the 

 eyeball. In chronic glaucoma, 

 gradually increasing dimness of 

 vision is usually the first symptom, 

 and in some cases rainbow colours 

 are seen round the margins oi 

 lights. In acute glaucoma, pain 

 in the eyeball, often radiating 

 over one side of the head, is a 

 marked symptom, and vision is 

 affected. 



Hardness of the eyeball is an im- 

 portant diagnostic sign. Glaucoma 

 is very serious, and if not promptly 

 treated may lead rapidly to per- 

 manent blindness. The general 

 principle of treatment is to remove 

 a portion of the iris so as to allow 

 some of the compressed fluid to 

 filter into the anterior chamber of 

 the eye. See Blindness ; Eye. 



Glauconite (Gr. glaukos, bluish 

 green). Mineral consisting of hy- 

 dra ted silicate of iron and potash, 

 with some alumina. Green in 

 colour and indefinite in shape, it 

 is a common constituent of green- 

 sands, in which it occurs as small 

 grains. See Foraminifera. 



Glaucophane (Gr. glaukos, and 

 phainesthai, to appear). A sili- 

 cate of sodium, aluminium, iron, 

 and magnesium, a blue variety of 

 the amphibole group of minerals. 

 It is an important constituent of 

 great metamorphosed rock-masses 

 (schists) in the valleys of the South- 

 ern Alps and Anglesey. In colour 

 these schists are slate-blue grey, 

 with silky lustre formed by the 

 structure of the mineral. 



Glaucus. Name of three per- 

 sonages in Greek mythology. They 

 are the builder of the Argo, the ship 

 of the Argonauts (q.v.), ultimately 

 a sea-god ; the father of Belle- 

 rophon ; and a Lycian hero slain 

 by Ajax. 



Glaucus. Genus of gastropod 

 molluscs, found floating on the sur- 

 face of the Atlantic and Pacific 

 oceans. They resemble green slugs 

 with six heavily fringed lobes on 

 the body. See Gasteropoda 



Glaze. Layer of pure or mixed 

 transparent colour thinly applied 

 to a painting to improve its tone, to 

 impart mellowness, to protect the 

 surface, and to facilitate its being 

 cleaned without risk of injury. The 

 glaze should convey the effect of a 

 varnish on the picture it covers, 

 and will be all the more durable 

 if applied as soon as the colour be- 

 neath is dry enough not to be 

 affected by the brush marks. In 

 this respect it differs from a var- 

 nish, which should not be applied 

 until the painting is absolutely dry. 

 Glaze also plays an important 

 part in the manufacture of pottery 

 and porcelain. At the stage known 

 as the biscuit state, the ware is 

 dipped in glaze, which either gives 

 it a finished appearance, or, in 

 decorated porcelain, forms the 

 ground on which the painting is 

 applied. See Tiles. 



Glazebrook, SIR RICHARD TET- 

 LEY (b. 1854). British physicist. 

 Born at Liverpool, Sept. ] 5, 1 854, he 

 was educated 

 at Liverpool 

 College and 

 Trinity Col- 

 leg e , C a m - 

 bridge, where 

 he was 5th 

 wrangler and 

 fellow of his 

 college. For 

 some time he 

 lectured in the 

 university and, 

 devoting himself to physics, became 

 in 1880 demonstrator, and in 1890 

 assistant director, of the Cavendish 

 Laboratory. In 1898 he was chosen 

 principal of University College, 

 Liverpool, but in 1899 he removed 

 to London as director of the 

 National Physical Laboratory, re- 

 signing in 1919. His work lay 

 chiefly with optics and electricity, 

 and in connexion with the latter 

 he was president of the Institute of 

 Electrical Engineers in 1906. He 

 wrote text- books on physical optics, 

 heat and electricity. He was 

 knighted in 1917. 



Glaziers 'Com- 

 pany, THE. City 

 of London livery 

 company. Incor- 

 porated in 1638, it 

 is governed by a 

 charter of 1685. 

 The offices are 11, 

 Maiden Lane, 

 London, W.C. 

 Glazing. Act of fitting glass. 

 Common glazing consists in fixing 

 panes of glass in grooved frames, or 

 sashes, by means of putty. Occa- 

 sionally, when the sheet of glass is 

 large, small headless nails or sprigs 

 are driven into the frame at wide 

 intervals, and it is sometimes desir- 



Sii K. uiazebrook, 

 British physicist 



Russell 



Glaziers' Com- 

 pany arms 



able to support the glass with a 

 supplementary framework of fillets 

 of wood (beads). A bed of putty 

 ("back putty") is laid in the 

 groove to receive the glass, on the 

 margins of which the " front 

 putty" is lightly and evenly pressed 

 with a spatula ("putty knife") 

 and painted to prevent the putty 

 perishing from evaporation of the 

 oil. " Cathedral " or leaded lights 

 comprise strips of lead ("cames ") 

 of 31 section, strengthened where 

 necessary with vertical or horizontal 

 steel saddle-bars, the cames being 

 soldered together at joints. 



Glass should not be placed in 

 direct contact with the metal, but 

 should be bedded on strips of wash- 

 leather glued to the cames, the 

 beads being secured with screws. 

 When panes of glass are laid slate- 

 wise on roofs, one pane slightly 

 overlapping another, the panes are 

 held by copper clips, or tingles. 



To reduce fire hazard, metal 

 framing is fitted with wired 

 glass, a wire mesh embedded in the 

 glass offering effectual resistance to 

 flame and heat. It merely cracks 

 where ordinary glass would fly out 

 and admit flames through. Putty- 

 less or dry glazing systems are 

 generally adopted for large ex- 

 panses of glass roofing e.g. Vic- 

 toria railway station, London. See 

 Building ; Glass ; Pottery ; Tiles. 



Gleaning OR LEASING. Gather- 

 ing what is left after harvest, 

 usually corn, but sometimes grapes 

 or other produce. By the Mosaic 

 law the farmer was expressly com- 

 manded to leave the gleanings of 

 his fields and vineyards for the 

 poor and the stranger, and was for- 

 bidden even to " wholly reap the 

 corners " of the fields, and from the 

 remotest times the poor have been 

 almost universally allowed to glean. 



In England the public are not 

 legally entitled to glean, but are 

 seldom turned off, although in some 

 districts gleaning is done by the 

 farmer's and harvesters' families. 



Glebe (Lat. gleba, clod, land). 

 Term in ecclesiastical law for land 

 belonging to a benefice. It was for- 

 merly held to be essential that each 

 parish should possess a house and 

 glebe land for the support of the 

 parson. The glebe might be farmed 

 by the parson, or, subject to certain 

 restrictions, let on lease in con- 

 sideration of an annual rental, or in 

 certain circumstances sold or ex- 

 changed. Recent legislation has 

 enabled parishes to get rid of what 

 was often a source of loss rather 

 than of income. See Tithe. 



Glee. English vocal concerted 

 work in three or more parts. It is 

 for solo voices, unaccompanied and 

 usually male, the style being non- 

 contrapuntal. The word is derived 



