GLYCOCOL.L 



3568 



GNEISENAU 



used for the manufacture of ex- 

 plosives. The purest glycerin is 

 employed for medicinal purposes, 

 and it is necessary that arsenic, a 

 common impurity in glycerin, 

 should be entirely absent. Glycerin 

 is also employed for filling gas- 

 meters and hydraulic jacks, for 

 giving body to light wines, in 

 liqueurs, and in the manufacture 

 of copying inks, shoe polishes, 

 printers' rollers, copying graphs, 

 and numerous toilet preparations. 



Glycocoll, GLYCIN OR AMINO- 

 ACETIC ACID (C 2 H 3 N0 2 ). Dis- 

 covered by Braconnet in 1820, and 

 prepared by boiJing glue with sul- 

 phuric acid or caustic potash. It is 

 best made by warming hippuric 

 acid with four times its weight of 

 fuming hydrochloric acid, diluting 

 with water, filtering out the benzoic 

 acid which deposits, and evaporat- 

 ing the liquid to dryness. Glycocoll 

 has a sweet taste, and its solution 

 is coloured deep red by iron 

 chloride and 'deep blue by copper 

 salts. 



Glycogen. Carbohydrate re- 

 lated to dextrin. It was first dis- 

 covered by Bernard in the liver, 

 and found in small quantities in 

 other organs of the body. Glycogen 

 is best prepared in the pure state 

 from liver by boiling with water, 

 removing the proteins by adding 

 potassium or mercuric iodide and 

 hydrochloric acid. The glycogen is 

 then precipitated by adding alcohol. 

 The method of formation of gly- 

 cogen in the liver is not well under- 

 stood, the quantity present depend- 

 ing upon the food taken. Glycogen 

 is looked upon as a reserve food de- 



Cited in the liver, which is trans- 

 ned into fat and sugar. 



Glycol on ETHYLENE ALCOHOL 

 (C-HcOa). Colourless liquid with a 

 sweet taste, discovered by Wurtz in 

 1856. It is best prepared by boiling 

 138 grammes of potassium car- 

 bonate with 188 grammes of ethy- 

 lene bromide dissolved in a litre of 

 water. This operation is conducted 

 in a flask fitted with a reversed 

 condenser. The ethylene alcohol 

 is separated from the resulting 

 liquid after the potassium bromide, 

 which is also formed, has crystal- 

 lised out. 



Glycosmis (Gr. glykys, sweet; 

 osme, smell). Small genus of trees 

 and shrubs of the natural order 

 Rutaceae. They are natives of 

 tropical Asia and Australia. The 

 leaves are divided into three or 

 mors leaflets, and the small white 

 flowers are fragrant. The fruits are 

 small edible berries, those of O. 

 citrifolia being esteemed by the 

 Chinese for their delicious flavour. 



Glycosuria (Gr. glykys, sweet ; 

 ouron, urine). Temporary form 

 of diabetes characterised by the 



presence in the urine of sugar, from 

 which it is free normally. The con- 

 dition may be due to an exces- 

 sive quantity having been taken 

 into the system, or to the action of 

 drugs, such as chloroform. The 

 chronic form of glycosuria which 

 marks diabetes melliiiis is due to a 

 failure of the muscular tissue to 

 utilise sugar, which consequently 

 overloads the blood and escapes by 

 the kidneys into the urine. See 

 Diabetes. 



Glyn, ELINOR. British novelist. 

 Daughter of Douglas Sutherland, of 

 Toronto, and wife of Clayton Glyn, 

 she achieved 

 a popular suc- 

 cess with her 

 first book,The 

 Visits of Eli/a- 

 beth, 1900. 

 Later publica- 



/[ tions include 

 .^ Reflections of 

 jgV Ambrosine, 



1902; The Vi- 

 cissitudes of 

 Evangeline, 

 1905; Three 

 Weeks, 1907 ; His Hour, 1910 ; 

 The Sequence, 1913; and The 

 Career of Katherine Bush, 1916. 



Glyptodon (Gr. glyplos, carved ; 

 odous, tooth). Genua of extinct ar- 

 madilloes, whose fossil remains 



Elinor Glyn, 

 British novelist 



Hoover Art Studios, 

 Lot Angeltt 



rvs 



Glyptodon. Skeleton of G. clavipes Irom the Pampa 

 formation of Buenos Aires 



British Museum 



have been found in the post- ter- 

 tiary deposits of S. America. Some 

 of these fossils represent an animal 

 9 ft. in length. The armoured 

 carapace, instead of being in bands 

 as in existing armadilloes, permit- 

 ting the animal to roll up hedgehog- 

 fashion, was solid and continuous, 

 like the carapace of a tortoise. The 

 head, feet, and tail emerged from 

 under this dome, but the head was 

 protected by a bony cap, and the 

 tail covered by tubercled bony 

 rings. The carapace was beauti- 

 fully sculptured in small rosette 

 patterns. The name was suggested 

 by the deep ridges and grooves into 

 which the surface of the molar 

 teeth are moulded. See Fossils. 



Gmtind OR SWABISCH-GMUND. 

 Town of Germany,in Wiirttemberg. 

 It stands in the valley of the Rems, 



29 m. E. of Stuttgart. Formerly a 

 free imperial city, it has some inter- 

 esting churches, including that of 

 the Holy Cross (14th century) and 

 the pilgrimage church of S. Sal- 

 vator, with two chapels hewn out of 

 the rock. Gmiind is noted for its 

 gold and silver ware, wood-carving, 

 etc. Pop. 21,312. 



Gmunden. Town and pleasure 

 resort of Upper Austria. In the 

 Salzkammergut, it stands at a 

 height of 1,400 ft. where the Traun 

 leaves the Traun-see, 38m. E.N.E. 

 of Salzburg. The Traunstein rises 

 sheer from the margin of the lake 

 to a height of 5,550 ft. Gmunden 

 is a centre for hill and lake excur- 

 sions. In addition to the Salzkam- 

 mergut museum there is a kursaal. 

 There are salt mines in the vicin- 

 ity. Pop. 7,700. 



Gnat. Popular name for certain 

 small dipterous (two-winged) in- 

 sects of the Culicidae family. Some 

 nine species occur in Great Britain. 

 The larval stage is passed in stag- 

 nant water, and the adult insects 

 are most abundant in marshy dis- 

 tricts. Blood-sucking in habit, they 

 are also known as mosquitoes (q.v.). 

 Gneisenau. German battle 

 cruiser. She was the flagship of 

 Admiral von Spec, who commanded 

 the German squadron in China 

 Seas at the outbreak of the Great 

 , War. This, the 

 most efficient 

 squadron in the 

 German Fleet, 

 consisted of the 

 Gneisenau and 

 Scharnhorst, and 

 the light cruisers 

 Leipzig, Dresden, 

 and Xiirn berg. On 

 Xov. 1, 1914, Von 

 Spec met Cra- 

 dock's squadron 

 at Coronel and 

 crushed it by su- 

 perior gun power. 

 But on Dec. 8 of the same year Von 

 Spec. was caught by Sturdee's more 

 powerfully armed squadron off the 

 Falklands, and all the German 

 ships were destroyed. See Coronel ; 

 Falkland Islands, Battle of the. 



Gneisenau, AUGUST WILHELM 

 ANTON NEITHARDT, COUNT VON 

 (1760-1831). German soldier. The 

 son of a sol- 



dier, he was 

 born Oct. 27, 

 1760, and was 

 educated at 

 the university 

 of Erfurt, He 

 served first in 

 the Austrian 

 army. With a 

 German con- 

 tingent he was 

 in America in the British service 



A. von Gneisenau, 

 German soldier 



