GODMANCHESTER 



3577 



GODWIN 



Godmanchester. Mun. bor. 

 and market town of Huntingdon. 

 It stands on the Ouse, 1 m. from 

 Huntingdon, and has a station 

 on the G.N. and G.E. joint rly. 

 The chief building is S. Mary's 

 Church, a fine Perpendicular build- 

 ing, and here are some old timbered 

 houses. It has a trade in agri- 

 cultural produce, being noted for 

 its milk and cheese ; milling is 

 another industry. Godmanchester 

 occupies the site of a Roman and 

 possibly a British station. It is 

 mentioned in Domesday and was 

 early a town of importance. In- 

 corporated as a borough in 1605, 

 it is now governed by a mayor and 

 corporation. Its annual fair is still 

 held. Market day, Wed. Pop. 2,130. 



Godolphin, EARL. English title 

 borne by the family of Godolphin 

 from 1706 to 1766. The family was 

 an old Cornish one, and its most 

 prominent member, Sidney, was 

 made an earl in 1706. His son 

 Francis (1 678-1766), lord privy seal 

 1735^0, was the 2nd and last earl. 

 When Francis died the title 

 became extinct, and the estates 

 passed to his daughter, the wife of 

 Thomas Osborne, 4th duke of 

 Leeds. The duke of Leeds is thus 

 the existing representative of the 

 Godolphins. 



Godolphin, SIDNEY GODOL- 

 PHIN, IST EARL OF (1645-1712). 

 English politician. Of good family, 

 he came somehow to the notice of 

 Charles II, to whose household he 

 was attached during his exile. In 

 1660 he entered the House of Com- 

 mons as M.P. for Helston, but it 

 was not until 1679 that he became 

 prominent in affairs of the state. 

 Having by then made a certain 

 reputation as a student of finance, 



ated with Marlborough, led to 

 his resignation in 1696. In 1700, 

 however, he was again in office. 

 In 1702 he 

 was made lord 

 treasurer, and 

 he remained 

 in power until 

 1710, when he 

 shared the 

 fate of his 

 great associ- 

 ate, being dis- 

 1st Earl of Godolphin, missed from 

 English politician o ff ice j n Aug., 



After Kneller 171 Q I) ur i ng 



these eight years he was 

 mainly responsible for directing 

 the country's affairs. In 1706 

 he was made an earl. He died, 

 Sept. 15, 1712. 



Godoy, MANUEL (1767-1851). 

 Spanish statesman. Born at 

 Badajoz, Feb. 12, 1767, Godoy 

 became an official of the court, a 

 royal favourite, and was made 

 duke of Alcudia. From 1792-97 

 he was chief minister of Spain, 

 being responsible for the declara- 

 tion of war on, France and the 

 humiliating peace of Basel, 1795. 

 He was again premier in 1801 and 

 also general of the Spanish forces, 

 which he led into Portugal, this 

 time being in alliance with France. 

 He was victorious, but the defeat 

 of the Spanish fleet at Trafalgar 

 added to the number of his public 

 enemies, and he narrowly escaped 

 death during an insurrection in 

 1808. His public career was over, 

 and he lived in Rome and Paris 

 almost forgotten until his death, 

 Oct. 7, 1851. Godoy's Memoirs, 

 dealing with the reign of his 

 patron Charles IV, were published 

 in English in 1836. 



tender at Edinburgh. The story 

 that it was sung as his own com- 

 position by Henry Carey at a 

 public dinner in 1740 is now gener- 

 ally discredited. On the other 

 hand, the statement that it was 

 sung in Latin in James II's chapel 

 in 1688, and preserved as a 

 Jacobite hymn, has received the 

 support of Dr. Curajnings, who 

 suggests that the words may have 

 been sung to an adaptation of an 

 air by Dr. John B ill (1562-1628), 

 first Gresham professor of music, 

 to whom the credit for the music 

 has long been popularly assigned. 

 See Galliard. 



Bibliography. God Save the King, 

 the original history of the music and 

 words of the National Anthem, W. 

 H. Cummings, 1902 ; Dictionary of 

 Music and Musicians, G. Grove, ed. 

 J. A. Fuller Maitland, vol. ii, 1906; 

 The National Anthem, F. S. Boas 

 and J. E. Borland (L.C.C. pam- 

 phlet), 1916. 



Godthaab (Dan., Good Hope). 

 Oldest settlement in, and chief 

 town of, the southern inspectorate 

 of Greenland. On the S.W. shore, 

 on a bay in Davis Strait, in lat. 

 64 10' N., it has a harbour, govern- 

 ment offices, and a seminary for 

 Eskimo catechists. The first 

 Danish colony in Greenland, it was 

 founded by Hans Egede in 1721. 

 Pop. 1,000 (20 Danes). 



Godwin OR GODWINS (d. 1053). 

 English earl. Little is known of 

 him before the time of Canute, 

 when he became one of the English 

 earls. In 1020 he was earl of the 

 West Saxons, and for fifteen years 

 he appears to have been one of the 

 Danish king's chief supporters. He 

 forwarded the selection of Hardi- 

 canute as king in 1035, as in 1042 

 he did that of Edward the Con- 



God Save the King. Facsimile of the opening bars in the original score used at Drury Lane Theatre, 1745 



he became a member of the treasury 

 board and one of the king's chief 

 advisers, the little group being 

 called the chits. In 1684 he was 

 made a secretary of state, and a 

 little later first lord of the treasury. 

 In 1690, after a brief absence, 

 Godolphin returned to the treasury, 

 but he was not loyal to William, 

 and his secret intrigues with 

 James II, in which he was associ- 



God Save the King. British 

 national anthem. The actual 

 origin and authorship of the words 

 and music have not been ascer- 

 tained. The earliest extant version 

 of both appeared in The Gentle- 

 man's Magazine, Oct., 1745, follow- 

 ing upon the singing of the anthem 

 at Drury Lane Theatre during the 

 previous month as a loyal retort 

 to the proclamation of the Pre- 



fessor. His daughter was married 

 to the latter king, and with his sons 

 also in high positions, he was the 

 most powerful man in the kingdom. 

 In 1051, however, there was a 

 serious quarrel between the earl 

 and the king. The details are un- 

 certain, but there was certainly 

 two rival parties in the state, and 

 the one opposed to the earl got, 

 temporarily at least, the upper 



