GOLDEN HORN 



3587 



GOLDER'S GREEN 



Golden Horn, THE. Narrow 

 inlet of the Bosporus (q.v.) which 

 divides the main part of Constanti- 

 nople from the Galata and Pera 

 quarters. See Constantinople. 



Golden Legend, THE. English 

 title of a collection of lives of the 

 saints, Legenda Sanctorum, com- 

 piled by Jacobus de Voragine, 

 archbishop of Genoa (d. 1298). 

 The first Latin edition was printed 

 at Basel about 1470, and an Eng- 

 lish translation, made from the 

 French by William Caxton, was 

 printed by him in 1483 (ed. F. S. 

 Ellis, 1900). The Legenda Aurea, 

 as it was soon popularly known, in 

 recognition of its great worth, was 

 translated into most European 

 languages, and frequently re- 

 printed during the first half of the 

 16th century. The standard edi- 

 tion of the Latin text is by J. G. T. 

 Grasse, 1846. 



Golden Number. Number used 

 in calculating the dates of Easter, 

 possibly so called because it was 

 engraved in golden letters on 

 marble pillars in various Greek 

 cities, and marked in gold in the 

 ancient calendars. The golden 

 number is the number of any year 

 in the Metonic cycle, which consists 

 of 19 solar years containing 235 

 lunations, and was discovered c. 432 

 B.C. by the Greek astronomer Meton. 

 To find the golden number add 1 to 

 the year and divide by 19 ; the re- 

 mainder is the golden number. If 

 there is no remainder the golden 

 number is 19. See Calendar; Easter. 

 Golden Rain. Popular firework 

 which emits a shower of sparks. 

 It may be used either in a set piece 

 or as the charge for a rocket, func- 

 tioning when the rocket reaches 

 the highest point of its trajectory. 

 The mixture employed consists of 

 crushed iron or steel turnings and 

 gunpowder, the oxidation of the 

 iron yielding brilliant sparks, while 

 some of the potassium nitrate in 

 the gunpowder is replaced by 

 sodium nitrate to intensify the 

 yellow colour. See Fireworks,^ 

 Gunpowder. 



Golden Rod (Solidago virgau- 

 rea). Perennial herb of the natural 

 order Compositae. A native of 

 Europe and N. America, its root- 

 stock is stout, and the stems erect, 

 and slightly branched, clad with 

 narrow lance-shaped leaves, and 

 terminating in clusters of small yel- 

 low flower-heads. It grows on stony 

 banks and dry ground. The golden 

 rod of gardens (S. canaden-sis) is a 

 N. American species, with taller 

 stems and the flowers in long pyra- 

 midal sprays. 



Golden 'Rose. Rose of wrought 

 gold with jewelled petals, blessed 

 by the pope and either presented 

 to some favoured individual or 



Golden Horn. View from the cemetery of Eyub, looking 

 towards Stamboul and Galata 



preserved in the Vatican. The 

 custom of blessing roses on the 4th 

 Sunday in Lent, hence called 

 Dominica rasa, originated at a 

 very early date. Consecrated roses, 

 as symbols of silence, were set 

 over the doors of confessionals, 

 and from this practice arose the 

 phrase sub rosa, under the rose, 

 meaning in confidence. A golden 

 rose was presented to Fulk IV of 

 Anjou by Pope Urban II when the 

 first crusade was being organized 

 in 1095, and from about the middle 

 of the 14th century the custom was 

 observed annually. Henry VIII 

 was the recipient of three of these 

 beautiful specimens of the gold- 

 smith's art, and in 1906 Pope 

 Pius X presented one to Queen 

 Victoria of Spain. 



Golden Rule. Term often ap 

 plied to the precept of Christ in the 

 Gospel (Matt, vii, 12), "Whatso- 

 ever ye would that men should do 

 unto you, even so do ye also unto 

 them " ; often contracted into " Do 

 as you would be done by." 



Golden Square . London square, 

 between Bridle Lane and Warwick 

 Street, Regent Street, W. Formed 

 soon after 1688, and -a fashionable 

 place of residence in the 18th 

 century, it has been of recent 

 years a centre of the woollen cloth 

 trade. The statue in the centre, of 

 George II habited as an ancient 

 Roman, was originally at Canons, 

 Edgware. Bolingbroke,Mrs. Cibber, 



Angelica Kauff- 

 mann, John 

 Hunter, and Car- 

 d i n a 1 Wiseman 

 lived here. Here 

 De Quincey took 

 leave of Ann, and 

 the square figures 

 in Smollett's 

 Humphrey Clin- 

 ker, Thackeray's 

 Esmond, and 

 Dickens's Nicho- 

 las Nickleby. 

 There is another 

 square of this 

 name at Hamp- 

 stead, N.W. 

 Golden Square, Town of 



Victoria, Australia, in Bendigo co. 



It is 99 m. by rly. N.W. of Mel- 



Golden Rose. The rose given bj 

 Pius II to the republic of Siena in 145 



Golden Rod. Clusters of flower- 

 heads of the wild variety 



bourne, and is a gold-mining town. 

 Pop. 2,570. 



Golder's Green. Residential 

 district of Middlesex, England. On 

 the main road between Hamp- 

 stead and Hendon, of which it 

 was formerly a hamlet, it is 1J m. 

 N.W. of Hampstead on the Char- 

 ing Cross, Euston, and Hampstead 

 Tube Rly., the river Brent forming 

 its N. boundary. Adjoining West 

 Heath, Hampstead, is Golder's 

 Hill Park, 36 acres, purchased in 

 1898 from the executors of Sir 

 Spencer Wells for 38,500, with 

 mansion, lakes, enclosures for red 

 deer, peafowl, etc. The mansion, 

 used as a refreshment room, was 

 once the residence of Jeremiah 

 Dyson, clerk to the House of Com- 

 mons, who was frequently visited 

 here by the poet Akenside. About 

 m. from the rly. station is Golder's 

 Green Crematorium (see Crema- 

 tion), to the N.W. of which is 

 Hampstead Garden Suburb (q.v.). 

 Golder's Green rly. station is a busy 

 omnibus terminus. 



