G6LN1CZBANYA 



Golniczbanya. Town in the 

 Slovakia division of the Czecho- 

 slovak republic, now known as 

 Gelnica ; formerly in the kingdom 

 of Hungary. It is situated in the 

 highlands, 5 m. by rly. on a branch 

 line from the main line through 

 the Carpathian valleys from Kosice 

 to Bratislava (Pressburg). It has 

 iron and copper mines and iron- 

 works. More than half the inhabi- 

 tants are Germans, the rest being 

 Slovaks and Magyars. Roman 

 Catholics are more numerous than 

 Lutherans. Pop. 3,833. 



Golosh OB GALOSH (Fr. galoche). 

 Vulcanised rubber overshoe. An 

 American invention, it was in- 

 troduced into Great Britain about 

 1847. Originally golosh signified 

 any kind of boot or shoe, but more 

 especially a wooden clog or patten. 

 The word is ultimately derived 

 from Gr. kalopudion, diminutive of 

 kalopou-s, a shoemaker's last. 



Golovnin, VASILI MIKHAILO- 

 VITCH (1776-1831). Russian sea- 

 man. In 1805 he commanded a 

 vessel named the Diana, with the 

 object of exploring the coastlands 

 of Russia and making a voyage 

 round the world. He was seized 

 and imprisoned for two years by 

 the Japanese (1811-13), but made 

 another voyage. Afterwards he 

 wrote an interesting account of 

 his experiences and of the manners 

 and customs of his captors. 



GoltZ, KOLMAR VON DER (1843- 



1910). German soldier. Born Aug. 

 12, 1843 ; at Bielkenfeld, near 

 L a b i a u, E. 

 Prussia, he en- 

 tered the Prus- 

 sian army as a 

 lieutenant in 

 1 801. In the 

 Franco-P r u s - 

 sian War he 

 was on the staff 

 of Prince 

 Kolinar von der Goltz, Frederick 

 German soldier Charles and 

 afterwards served on the historical 

 section of the general staff in Ber- 

 lin. In 1883 he undertook the re- 

 organization of the Turkish army 

 with the rank of pasha, and re- 

 mained in Turkey for twelve years. 

 In 1908 he became field-marshal, 

 and headed a German mission to 

 Constant) no pie, where he had 

 much to do with the Young Turk 

 movement. 



When the Great War broke out 

 Goltz accompanied the German 

 army into Belgium, and was made 

 governor-general, first of Brussels 

 and then of Belgium. Early in 1915 

 he went to Turkey, and he com- 

 manded a Turkish army near Con- 

 stantinople during the allied at- 

 tack on Gallipoli. For some time he 

 directed Turkish operations in the 



Middle East, but on April 19, 1916, 

 died of spotted fever at his head- 

 quarters. His most notable work, 

 The Nation in Arms, 1883, had 

 much influence in strengthening 

 the fighting spirit in Germany. 

 Among his other works were : 

 The War History of Germany in 

 the Nineteenth Century ; Cam- 

 paigns of Frederick the Great. His 

 nephew, General von der Goltz, com- 

 manded the German forces in 

 Lettland in 1919, and captured 

 Riga in Oct. of that year, carrying 

 on a campaign in the Baltic pro- 

 vinces after Germany had been 

 ordered to evacuate them in accor- 

 dance with the treaty of Versailles. 

 Goltzius, HENDRIK (1558-1010). 

 Dutch engraver and painter. He 

 was born at Mulbrecht in the duchy 

 of Jiilich, and 

 died at Haar- 

 lem. As a 

 painter he 

 never achieved 

 great distinc- 

 tion, although 

 he had speci- 

 ally studied 

 the works of 

 Michelangelo Hendrik Goltzius, 

 and Raphael. Dutch engraver 



His engrav- Self-porlrail 



ings, on the other hand, rank with 

 the best of the German school of 

 the 10th century, showing im- 

 mense virility and technical skill, 

 although frequently erring in the 

 matter of aesthetic taste. He en- 

 graved portraits and miscellaneous 

 subjects after his own designs and 

 those of various Italian, Flemish, 

 and German masters. 



Goluchowski, AGENOR, COUNT 

 (1812-75). Austrian statesman. 

 Of Polish descent, he was educated 

 by the Jesuits. He entered the 

 diplomatic service of Austria, be- 

 coming minister of the interior in 

 1859, after he had served for twelve 

 years as governor of Galicia. He 

 held his portfolio for a year and 

 resumed his governorship in 1866, 

 occupying the post until his death, 

 with an interval of four years 

 (1867-71). His son Agenor,' also 

 a diplomatist, was minister of 

 foreign affairs for Austria-Hungary, 

 1895-1906. 



Gomal OR GOMUI, River and 

 pass of Afghanistan. The river 

 rises some 50 m. S. of Ghazni and 

 winds through the Suleiman Mts. 

 Except in the rainy season, when 

 it flows into the Indus, its waters 

 are lost in the sands. 



Gomara OR KAFFA. Dependency 

 of Abyssinia. Situated in the S. W., 

 it is noted for its coffee, which 

 takes its name from this district. 

 It is a lofty tableland, watered by 

 the river Omo, and inhabited by 

 people of Harnitic stock. 



GOMEZ CARRILLO 



Gomberville, MARIN LE ROY 

 DE (1600-74). French author. His 

 prolix Polexandre, with its extra- 

 vagant adventures and high-flown 

 sentiment, is a typical example of 

 the roman galant popular in the 

 aristocratic circles of the time. He 

 was one of the original members of 

 the Academy. 



Gomel. Town inS.W. Russia, in 

 the govt.of Mohilev. It is situated 

 on the Sozh, at the junction of two 

 rlys., 1 12 m. S.E. of Mohilev. It has 

 large rly. repairing works, sugar re- 

 fineries, and oil-mills ; and consider- 

 able trade is done in timber, wool, 

 oil, and sugar. Pop. 37,000. 



Gomera. One of the Canary 

 Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. 

 Separated from Teneriffe by a 

 channel 13 m. wide, its length is 20 

 m. and breadth 1.0 m., area 143 sq. 

 m. Of volcanic origin, with steep 

 coasts, it rises in the interior to an 

 alt. of nearly 4,000 ft. Wooded 

 and well watered, its fertile valleys 

 produce potatoes, fruit, sugar, and 

 cotton. Silk is manufactured, and 

 dromedaries are reared. San Sebas- 

 tian, the capital and port, has an 

 excellent harbour. Columbus called 

 at the island in 1492. Pop. 19,736. 



Gomersal. Parish and village 

 of Yorkshire (W.R.). It is 5J m. 

 S.E. of Bradford, with a station on 

 the L. & N.W. Rly. The chief 

 industries are the making of 

 worsted, cloth, and blankets, while 

 in the neighbourhood are coal 

 mines. The Red House here is the 

 Briarmains of Charlotte Bronte's 

 Shirley. Pop. 3,800 



Gomez, MAXIMO (1826-1905). 

 Cuban insurgent leader. Born at 



his 



name 



Maximo Gomez, 

 Cuban insurgent 



San Domingo, 



was Maximo 

 Gomez y Baez. 

 He drifted to 

 Cuba, where in 

 1868 he joined 

 the insurgents ; 

 ten years later, 

 having taken 

 part in the un- 

 successful re- 

 volt, he had to 

 seek safety in 

 flight. When affairs between the 

 Cubans and Spain again reached 

 breaking point, he returned and, in 

 1895, was made commander-in- 

 chief of the Cuban forces. In June 

 of the following year he gained a 

 notable victory at Puerto Principe, 

 and remained one of the three prin- 

 cipal leaders of the Cubans until the 

 close of the war, 1898, and tlx> ces- 

 sion of the island to the U.S.A., 

 a cession which he strongly op- 

 posed. See Marching With Gomez. 

 G. Flint, 1898. 



Gomez Carrillo, ENRIQUE (b. 

 1873). Spanish- American author 

 and journalist. He was born in 



