

GONG 



Gonfalon, as used in ecclesiastical 

 ceremonies and processions 



both in camp and council. The 

 older form of the word was gon- 

 fanon, a corruption of the Middle 

 High German gundfano, battle- 

 standard. 



Gong. In music, a percussion 

 instrument, made of bronze. Of 

 Oriental origin, it is a large round 

 plate in form, with turned-up 

 edges, and is struck by a heavy 

 drum -stick with hard leather knob, 



Gong. Japanese instrument irom 



producing a deafening crash of 

 indefinite pitch. Gongs are largely 

 used in Eastern temples. 



Gongora y Argote, Luis DE 

 (1501-1627). Spanish poet. Born 

 at Cordova, July 11, 1561, and 

 e d u c a ted at 

 Salamanca 

 University, he 

 began to write 

 poetry when a 

 youth, aban- 

 doning the law 

 for which he 

 was trained. 

 G o n g o r a's 

 manner was 



3599 



pompous and extravagant in his 

 middle age, his style giving rise to 

 the term Gongorism. La te in life he 

 entered the Church, and lived in 

 Madrid, becoming chaplain to 

 Philip III, and the friend of nobles 

 and hidalgos. Lope de Vega was 

 an enthusiastic admirer of Gon- 

 gora's poetry. He died at Cordova, 

 May 23, 1627. 



Goniatites. Extinct forms of 

 shells,belonging to the class Cephalo - 

 poda (q.v. ). The shells are spirally 

 coiled and divided into chambers 



GONORRHOEA 



(passing water) is increased, and 

 the act is accompanied with pain. 

 If the condition is neglected 

 chronic inflammation of the ure- 

 thra may be set up and lead to 

 persistent discharge, or gleet, which 

 may last for many months or even 

 years, and, however slight, re- 

 main highly infectious to other per- 

 sons. Complications are frequent, 

 glands in the groin may become 

 swollen and suppurate, and the 

 infected parts may become in- 

 flamed. Chronic gonorrhoea or 



Goniatites. Left to right, Prone-rites cyclolobus, Glyphioceras sphaericure, both 



from Carboniferous limestone in England ; Agathiceras Suessi, from Permo- 



Carboniferous in Sicily 



British Museum 



Luis de Gongora 



y Argote, 

 Spanish poet 



After Velasquez 



simple in the 

 first period, 

 but became 



connected by a delicate tube,similar 

 to the existing nautilus. They are 

 common in Devonian rocks. 



Goniometer (Gr. gonia, angle; 

 mclron, measure). Instrument used 

 by crystallographers for measuring 

 the angles of crystals. One form, 

 the contact goniometer, consists of 

 a graduated semicircular arc, to 

 the centre of which a pair of ad-, 

 justable slotted oars provided 

 with straight edges are pivoted in 

 such a manner that they can be 

 fixed at any angle by a screw. 



The reflecting goniometer deter- 

 mines the angle between any 

 two faces on a crystal, by obtaining 

 the reflection of light from a colli- 

 mator (q.v. ) from each of the two 

 faces in succession. 



Gonnelieu. Village of France, 

 in the dept. of Nord. It is about 8 

 m. S.W. of Cambrai, and 2 m. E. 

 of Gouzeaucourt (7.?'.). Captured 

 by the British, April 20, 1917, it 

 was taken by the Germans, 

 Nov. 30, 1917, in the first battle of 

 Cambrai, but was retaken by the 

 British, Dec. 1, 1917. See Cambrai, 

 First ba.ttle of. 



GonocalyxPulcher. Evergreen 

 shrub of the natural order Erica- 

 ceae. A native of New Grenada, 

 it has oblong leaves and bright 

 red tubular flowers. 



Gonorrhoea (Gr. gonorrhoia). 

 Acute infectious disease affecting 

 the organs of generation. The 

 specific organism responsible is 

 known as the gonococcus or dip- 

 lococcns gonorrhoeae. In the male 

 the symptoms usually commence 

 in from two to eight days after in- 

 fection, frequency of micturition 



repeated acute attacks may lead 

 to stricture of the urethra, which 

 brings in its train a series of dis- 

 tressing symptoms. 



In the female, gonorrhoea causes 

 pain and swelling of the external 

 organs of generation and a yellow 

 discharge from the vagina. It may 

 attack the bladder, uterus, or 

 Fallopian tubes, producing pus 

 formation and very serious disease, 

 and it is a common cause of steri- 

 lity. Besides the local effects, con- 

 stitutional symptoms may arise 

 in either sex. The most frequent 

 of these is gonorrhoeal " rheuma- 

 tism " or arthritis, which may lead 

 to pain and swelling in the joints, 

 followed by permanent changes and 

 serious crippling. Gonorrhoea may 

 also produce general blood poison- 

 ing, resulting in serious disease of 

 the heart or even death. 



If the infection is conveyed to 

 the eye it may cause acute in- 

 flammation, followed by ulceration 

 and possibly blindness. A painful 

 example of this complication is 

 afforded by infants who are in- 

 fected by the disease in the mother 

 at the time of birth, an accident 

 which is probably one of the com- 

 monest causes of blindness in 

 young children. The immediate 

 cleansing of the eyes after birth 

 is now looked upon as a most im- 

 portant duty of midwives and 

 monthly nurses. 



The royal commission on Ve- 

 nereal Disease has called public at- 

 tention to the serious evils arising 

 from gonorrhoea, and arrange- 

 ments have been made in all 

 populous centres for the skilled 



