3612 



GORLICE 



Counts of Gorz, used in modern Austrian front from Sabotino, on 



times as barracks. The old part of the W. side of the Isonzo, and 



the town is enclosed in a triple N.W. of Gorizia, to San Michele, 



shield of walls, and the new town in the Carso, on the E. side of 



is fast developing into a popular the river, and S.W. of the town, 



winter resort. The most note- Connected with Sabotino were the 



worthy buildings are the 17th Oslavia hills and Podgora; in 



century cathedral, the municipal former attempts the Italians had 



offices, the archbishop's palace, the been held up. 



college of the Jesuits, and the house On Aug. 6, however, they carried 



of the provincial diet. The inhabit- all the Austrian positions protect- 



ants are mainly engaged in the ing Gorizia, and in the evening 



weaving industries cotton and were less than | m. from the bank 



silk and in the manufacture of of the river. They also took Monte 



leather articles, liqueurs, pottery, Calvaria, and as night fell were 



paper, candles, and soap. There is attacking the last Austrian trenches 



trade in fruit and wine. Pop. 30,995. between the southern slope of 



Gorizia was one of Italy's most Podgora and the Isonzo. On 



important objectives in the Great Aug. C-7 they stormed San 



War, as it was a strategic centre Michele, thus securing the two 



barring the way to Trieste, the bastions which had defended 



ultimate objective. In their offen- Gorizia N. and S. On Aug. 8 they 



sives on the Isonzo in July, 1915, captured the level space on the 



the Italians made but little head- 



W. bank, and in the failing light 

 some of their troops waded across 

 and entrenched on the E. bank. 

 Meanwhile bridges were got ready, 

 and in the morning of Aug. 9 the 

 main force passed over and occu- 

 pied Gorizia. Its capture had 

 important effects, enabling the 

 Italians to silence the Austrian 

 positions on Monte San Gabriele. 

 This relieved the pressure on the 

 Italians holding river crossings, 

 especially the bridge at Gorizia. 



Gorkum. Alternative name of 

 the Dutch town of Gorinchem 

 (q.v.) 



Gorky, MAXIM (b.1869). Russian 

 author. He was born at Nijni 

 Novgorod, Mar. 14, 1869, his real 

 ' 'being ..... ...... 



Gorizia, Italy. The old fortress of 



the counts of Gorz on the Castle Hill 



overlooking the town 



Maxim Gorky, 

 Russian author 



* ; 



g^^HH^Bl Alexei Maxi- 



movitch Pyesh- 



k o v. His 



father died 



when he was 



four years of 



age, and his 



way towards the town, and it was mother shortly 

 not until Aug. 8, 1916, that it was after re-mar- 

 captured by the Third Army, under ried. The boy 

 the duke of Aosta. In the great was brought 

 Austro-German offensive of the up by his maternal grandfather, 

 autumn of 1917 

 Gorizia was aban- ? 

 d o n e d by the 

 Italians, Oct. 28, \ : 

 but recovered in 

 the autumn of 

 1918. It suffered 

 greatly from bom- 

 bardments. See 

 Isonzo, Battles of 

 the. 



Gorizia, CAP- 

 TURE OF. Italian 

 success against 

 Austria, Aug. 

 1916. On Aug. 6 

 there was an in- 



tense bombard- Gorlest0 n, Norfolk. View of the town and sea front 

 mentof the from the south 



but after a few months' schooling 

 was apnrenticed to a cobbler, and 

 two months later to a draughts- 

 man, from whom he ran away ; 

 then, after being assistant to an 

 ironmaker, he became help to the 

 cook on a Volga steamer, who 

 inspired him with a liking for 

 reading. 



At the age of 16 Gorky, failing 

 to secure education at Kazan 

 University, entered a biscuit fac- 

 tory, afterwards working at any- 

 thing that offered. In 1888 he 

 tried to commit suicide, and on 

 recovery resumed that vagabond 

 life which later provided him with 

 almost inexhaustible material for 

 his pen. In 1892 his first story, 

 Makar Chudra, appeared in a 

 Tiflis journal. In 1893 V. G. 

 Korolenko encouraged him to write. 

 Chelkash, 1893, and other short 

 stories were rapidly produced, and 

 the young author became immedi- 

 ately popular. Foma Gordeyev, 

 1900 (Eng. trans. 1901), his first 

 novel, though marked by fine des- 

 criptions of scenery of the Volga, 

 and by remarkable character 

 drawing, was on the whole dis- 

 appointing. 



In 1901 began appearing a col- 

 lection of Gorky's tales, his position 

 being then recognized as that of the 

 most popular of Russian authors. 

 Many volumes of these tales ap- 

 peared in English translations. His 

 play, The Lower Depths, was 

 produced in London in 1903. He 

 suffered imprisonment in 1905 as a 

 sympathiser with the revolution- 

 aries. 



On the outbreak of the Great 

 War he volunteered for service 

 with the Russian Red Cross, and 

 after the revolution became pre- 

 sident of a committee for safe- 

 guarding artistic property. He 

 later threw in his lot with the 

 Bolshevists, and was engaged in 

 propaganda work, but definitely 

 severed his connexion with them in 

 1920. See Maxim Gorky, His Life 

 and Writings, E. J. Dillon, 1902. 



Gorleston. Parish and water- 

 ing place of Norfolk, England. It 

 is part of the borough of Great 

 Yarmouth, 122 m. N.E. of London, 

 and is reached by the G.E. Rly. 

 Standing at the mouth of the 

 Yare, it has good sands, in addi- 

 tion to a pier and other attrac- 

 tions for visitors. Electric trams 

 connect it with Yarmouth proper, 

 and steamers go from here to 

 Lowestoft. See, Yarmouth. 



Gorlice, GORLITZA OR GOKLITSE. 

 Town of Poland, formerly in 

 Galicia. It is about 25 m. S.E. of 

 Tarnov and 17 m. S.W. of Jaslo, 

 among the foothills of the Carpa- 

 thians. It has naphtha works and 

 a trade in grain and wine. It was 



