GOSFORD 



From 1900 to 1905 he was min- 

 ister at Copenhagen, and from 1905 

 to 1908 was ambassador at Vienna. 

 In 1908 Goschen was transferred to 

 Berlin, and it was his lot to conduct 

 the negotiations immediately pre- 

 ceding the outbreak of the Great 

 War and to leave the German 

 capital on its declaration. In 1901 

 he was knighted, in 1905 was made 

 a privy councillor, and in 1916 

 a baronet. He died May 20, 1924. 



Gosford, EARL OF. Irish title 

 borne since 1806 by the family of 

 Acheson. It descends from Sir 

 Archibald Acheson (d. 1634), a 

 Scottish lawyer, who was made a 

 baronet, and became a lord of ses- 

 sion and a secretary of state. His 

 baronetcy was inherited by his de- 

 scendants, some of whom settled 

 in Ireland. One of them, Sir Archi- 

 bald, a county gentleman of Ar- 

 magh and a member of the Irish 

 parliament, was made Baron Gos- 

 ford in 1776 and a viscount in 1785. 

 Arthur, the second viscount, was 

 made an earl in 1806. Archibald, 

 the second earl (d. 1849), was 

 governor of Canada, and in 1835 

 was made a British peer as Baron 

 Worlingham. The present holder 

 is his descendant. The earl's eldest 

 son is known as Viscount Acheson, 

 and his chief residence is Gosford 

 Castle, Armagh. 



Gosforth. Urban district of 

 Northumberland. It is 2 m. N. of 

 Newcastle-on-Tyne, having a sta- 

 tion on the N.E. Rly. Here is Gos- 

 forth Park, where race meetings 

 are held, and around are collieries. 

 Pop. 15,500. Another Gosforth is a 

 village in Cumberland, on the edge 

 of the Lake district, 12 m. S.E. of 

 White haven. It is noted for its 

 ancient viking cross, a structure in 

 the churchyard, 14i ft. high. 



Goshawk (Astur palumbarius). 

 Bird of prey, resembling a large 

 sparrow hawk. It is found in many 

 parts of Europe and Asia, but is now 

 very rare in Great Britain. The 

 species was formerly fairly common 

 and was used in the sport of hawk- 

 ing. The plumage is bluish grey on 

 the back, and white barred with 

 brown beneath. 



Goshen. Land or district of 

 ancient Egypt. It was given by 

 Pharaoh to Joseph and his kinsmen 

 as a dwelling place. It probably lay 

 between the delta of the Nile and 

 the isthmus of Suez. Its capital 

 was the place now known as Fakus. 



Goshen. Former Boer republic. 

 It was founded in Bechuanaland, 

 beyond the borders of the Trans- 

 vaal, in 1881. It* capital was at 

 Rooi Grond. Goshen and the 

 neighbouring republic of Stellaland 

 came to an end when Bechuana- 

 land was proclaimed a British Pro- 

 tectorate in 1885. 



3615 



Goslar. Town 

 of Germany, in 

 Prussia. It stands 

 on the N. side of 

 the Kara, 27 m. 

 S.E.ofHildesheim. 

 Founded in the 

 10th century, it 

 quickly gained im- 

 portance from the 

 silver, copper, and 

 other mines of the 

 Rammelsberg 

 (2,080 ft.), which 

 rises H m. to the 

 S. of the town. It 

 is a picturesque 

 place, with portions of the ram- 

 parts still standing, and fine old 

 houses. Goslar suffered for its 

 loyalty to the Hohenstaufen, being 

 destroyed in 1250 by Otho IV. It 

 joined the Hanseatic League, and 

 was very flourishing about 1500. 



In 1802 the town was annexed 

 by Prussia, to which it has be- 

 longed ever since, except for 50 

 years after 1816, when it was in- 

 cluded in the kingdom of Hanover. 

 The principal places of interest are 

 the Market, with its church; the 

 Kaiserhaus ; the Domcapelle, the 



GOSPELS 



a 



Goslar, Germany. Market place with the fountain 

 dating from about the 12th century 



is now used in various senses. It 

 is the name of the biographies of 

 Christ in the N.T. ; signifies the 

 message of redemption contained 

 in those books ; and is further used 

 as a term for the entire Christian 

 system of religion. Thus in the 

 N.T., " to believe the Gospel " 

 means not merely to accept the 

 record of Christ as true, but to 

 accept all that that record implies. 

 See Bible ; New Testament. 



Gospellers. Name formerly 

 applied to the followers of Wycliffe 

 and other pioneers of the Reforma- 

 tion in England, who laid stress on 



sole remains of a cathedral founded, 



like the Kaiserhaus, by Henry III preaching the Gospel to the people. 

 5 llth cen- It was also given to a party of 



about the middle of the 

 tury ; and the Kaiserworth (1494), 

 with statues of eight German em- 

 perors, several of whom chose 





Goshawk, a large bird of prey, 

 formerly used for hawking 



Goslar as a place of residence. The 

 town's industries, besides those 

 connected with the mines, include 

 beer, and cigar manufacture, and 

 chemical works. Pop. 18,900. 



Gospel. Anglo-Saxon com- 

 pound word, god-spel, meaning 

 good news, used as an equivalent 

 of the Greek euangelion. The word 



Antinomians who caused trouble 

 during the Reformation period, 

 and at a later date to the Puritans. 

 In Church ritual, the Gospeller is 

 the deacon who reads the Gospel 

 in the Mass. 



Gospel Oak. Name of a short 

 thoroughfare, or Grove, connect- 

 ing Rochford Street and Haver- 

 stock Road, London, N.W. It is 

 also the name of a station, 6 m. 

 from Broad Street on the N.L.R., 

 between Kentish Town and Hamp- 

 stead Heath. From an old oak tree 

 at the boundary pf Hampstead 

 and St. Pancras parishes, at which 

 a portion of the Gospel was read 

 at the beating of the bounds, an 

 inn was named ; and the name was 

 later given to the surrounding fields, 

 now built over, to a small village, to 

 a chapel, and to the railway station. 



Under one of the trees in Gospel 

 Oak Fields, Whitefield is said to 

 have preached : and here, down to 

 1857, was held a fair known as 

 Gospel Oak Fair. Herrick, in his 

 Hespeddes (55, To Anthea), calls 

 the oak the Gospel tree. The 

 custom of Gospel reading at the 

 beating of the bounds appears to 

 have been common in many part$ 

 of England. 



Gospels, THE FOUR. Name 

 given to the first four books in the 

 N.T., which are ascribed to 

 Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. 

 The three first stand together and 

 form a striking contrast to the 



