GOTO 



his Ostrogoths into Italy, over- 

 threw Odoacer, the Teutonic chief 

 who had deposed the last of the 

 Roman emperors, and established 

 himself as the vicegerent of Zeno. 

 He proved a soldier and legislator 

 of exceptional ability, but died 

 in 526. 



The emperor Justinian resolved 

 to make his dominion in Italy a 

 reality ; his general Belisarius (q.v. ) 

 temporarily wrested the supremacy 

 from the Goths ; after his depar- 

 ture they recovered their ascend- 

 ancy under Totila, a worthy suc- 

 cessor of Theodoric. Belisarius 

 failed to overthrow him, but the 

 task was finally accomplished by 

 Narses. The Ostrogoths, their 

 power completely shattered, re- 

 treated to the N., dispersed, and 

 were never heard of more. 



Riblioyraphy. History of Latin 

 Christianity, H. H. Milman, 4th ed. 

 1 883 ; The Goths, H. Bradley, 1888; 

 Decline and Fall, E. Gibbon, ed. J. 

 B. Bury, 1909-14; Italy and her 

 Invaders, T.Hodgkin, 2nd. ed. 1916. 



Goto OR GOTTO. Group of 

 islands off the S.W. extremity of 

 Japan. They lie W. of Kiushiu and 

 60 m. W. of the port of Nagasaki. 

 Known also as the Five Islands, 

 the largest are Fukai, Hisaka, 

 and Nakadori. Fukai is 25 m. in 

 length. 



Gotterdammerung. German 

 name for the Norse Ragnarok, or 

 the Twilight of the Gods; the 

 break-up of the power of the gods 

 of Teutonic mythology which 

 would result in a new cosmogony. 

 Wagner (q.v.) made it the theme of 

 one of his operas. 



Gottesberg. Town of Silesia, 

 Germany. Lying at an alt. of 1,900 

 ft., 46 m. S.W. of Breslau, its in- 

 dustries include coal -mining, and 

 linen and hosiery manufactures. 

 Pop. 10,644. 



Gottfried von Strassburg (fl. 

 1210). German poet. His unfin- 

 ished epic Tristan, adapted from 

 the French, is the only work that 

 can with certainty be ascribed to 

 him. In this poem, distinguished 

 by style and beauty of expression, 

 the author exhibits remarkable 

 psychological insight. 



Gottingen. Town of Germany. 

 In the Prussian province of Han- 

 over, it stands on the Leine, 67 m. 

 from Hanover. Above the town 

 rises the Hainberg. There is an old 

 town and a new town ; the former 

 is still surrounded by its fortifica- 

 tions, which have been turned into 

 promenades. In and around its 

 narrow streets are Gottingen's 

 most interesting buildings ; the 

 Rathaus, built in the 14th century 

 and restored in the 18th, and the 

 churches of S. John and S. James. 

 Here, too, are some curious old 



3622 



houses. In the market-place, in 

 front of the Rathaus, is the goose- 

 girl fountain. The chief industries 

 are the making of chemicals, 

 scientific instruments, and textiles, 

 while it is a publishing centre A 

 canal, really an arm of the Leine, 

 flows through the town. When 

 Hanover formed a separate king- 

 dom, Gottingen was one of its chief 

 towns, while it was an important 

 place also in the duchy of Bruns- 

 wick, which preceded Hanover. It 



Gottingen. Johannis Strasse, one of the old thorough- 

 fares, showing the tower of S. John's Church 



became a corporate town about 

 1200, joined the Hanseatic League, 

 .and in the 18th century was a 

 literary centre. During the Great 

 War there was a prisoner-of-war 

 camp here. 



Gottingen is chiefly famous for 

 its university, founded by the Eng- 

 lish King George II in 1734. Jt 

 rapidly became noted, owing to the 

 high quality of its teachers. In 

 1837 seven of its professors, the 

 two Grimms, Ewald, and Dahl- 

 mann among them, were expelled 

 for protesting against the act of 

 King Ernest Augustus in taking 

 from the people a constitution 

 granted in 1830. The main build- 

 ing is on the W ilhelmsplatz. The 

 university has also a library, one 

 of the richest in Germany, labora- 

 tories and museums, an observa- 

 tory, botanical garden, "and hos- 

 pitals. Gottingen has also several 

 scientific and other societies. Pop. 

 37,600. 



Gottschall, RUDOLF VON (1823- 

 1909). German author. Born at 

 Breslau, Sept. 30, 1823, after study- 

 ing at Konigsberg, Breslau, and 

 Perl in universities, he applied him- 

 self to dramatic literature. An 

 ardent liberal, under the excite- 

 ment of the revolution of 1848 he 

 produced three tragedies, an epic, 

 and a volume of poems. In 1854 

 appeared Carlo Zeno, an epic poem, 

 also an historical comedy, Pitt und 

 Fox. Thereafter his output of 



GOUDA 



plays and miscellaneous work was 

 great, the former being collected 

 in 1884 in 12 vols. His best novel 

 was Im Banne des Schwarzen 

 Adlers, 1877. He died Dec. 18, 1909. 

 Gottsched, JOHANN CHRISTOPH 

 (1700-66). German critic. Boni 

 at Judithenkirch, near Konigs- 

 berg, he began early to lecture at 

 Leipzig, where he became a pro- 

 fessor in 1734. He sought to re- 

 form the German drama, and es- 

 tablish poetry as a matter of 

 definite rule. For 

 a time his influence 

 was considerable, 

 and he was re- 

 garded as a prophet 

 of German literary 

 culture, inspired by 

 French models. He 

 died at Leipzig, 

 Dec. 12, 1766. 



Gouda OR TER 

 Gouw. Town of 

 the Netherlands, in 

 the prov. of S. 

 Holland. It stands 

 on the Yssel at 

 its junction with 

 the Gouw, 12 m. 

 N.E. of Rotter- 

 dam, and is inter- 

 sected in all direc- 

 tions by a system 

 of canals. Notable buildings are 

 the Groote Kerk, founded in 1485 

 and rebuilt in 1552, and the Stad- 

 huis, built 1449-59. 



The principal industries are the 

 manufacture of candles, cigars, 

 twine, pottery, pipes, and the 

 famous cheese. A trade in cattle 

 and cereals is carried on. Gouda 

 canal connects Amsterdam with 

 the Lek oil refineries. Pop. 29.704. 



Gouda. The Gothic Stadhuis, 

 built in 1449-59, with the Renais- 

 sance staircase, 1603 



