GOUPIL GALLERY 



3625 



GOURMONT 



sacred music should be remem- 

 bered two other Masses, 1870 and 

 1887, and the two oratorios The 

 Redemption and Mors et Vita, pro- 

 duced at the Birmingham Festivals 

 in 1882 and 1885 respectively. 

 Gounod, who came to England dur- 

 ing the Franco-Prussian War, died 

 at St. Cloud, Oct. 18, 1893. 



Despite much severe criticism of 

 his sometimes over-florid and over- 

 sweet style, Gounod's work at its 

 best has a permanent interest. His 

 operas are untiringly welcomed in 

 all countries, his Masses are fre- 

 quently sung, some of his songs, 

 e.g. the Ave Maria, a melody boldly 

 superimposed on the first prelude 

 of Bach, are universally familiar. 

 He exercised a great influence on 

 the following generation of French 

 composers. Gounod was personally 

 a man of wide culture and deep 

 religious feeling, both reflected in 

 his work, and a volume of his auto- 

 biographical notes and reprinted 

 articles was published in 1896. 



Goupil Gallery. Art gallery at 

 No. 5, Regent Street, London, S. W. 

 It was established as a centre for the 

 exhibition and sale of modern pic- 

 tures in 1901 by William Stephen 

 Marchant, who left the Paris house 

 of Goupil & Co. in 1898 to manage 

 their London establishment. In 

 1902 he introduced the pictures of 

 Henri le Sidaner to London, and 

 exhibitions have been held also 

 of the works of W. Nicholson, W. 

 Orpen, W. Rothenstt'in, Augustus 

 John, J. M. Whistler, and other 

 artists, among them representatives 

 of the modern French and Dutch 

 Romantic school. 



Gouraud, HENRI JOSEPH 

 EUGENE (b. 1807). French soldier. 

 Born at Paris, Nov. 17, 1807, he 

 joined the 

 French a r m y 

 as a lieutenant 

 of chasseurs a 

 pied in 1890. 

 He saw active 

 service in the 

 Sudan in 1898; 

 in the Congo, 

 Senegal, and 

 Morocco, being 

 promoted brig- 

 adier-general, J une 4, 191 2. He was 

 at the head of the 1st Colonial 

 Army Corps in Feb., 1915. 



In July, 1915, he was severely 

 wounded while in command of the 

 French forces in Gallipoli. Return- 

 ing to France, in Dec. he was given 

 command of the Fourth Army. In 

 1910 he was appointed resident 

 commissary general in Morocco, 

 but in June, 1917, was again in 

 command of the Fourth Army. In 

 July, 1918, he repulsed the Germans 

 from Reims and in the Argonne. 

 In 1919 he became high commis- 



Henri J. Gouraud, 

 French soldier 



sioner of France in Syria and 

 Cilicia, and commander-in-chief of 

 her army of the Levant. See 

 Marne, Battles of the. 



Gourd (Lat. cucurbita}. Half- 

 hardy annual trailing plant of the 

 natural order Cucurbitaceae,mostly 

 native of India. Some, such as 

 pumpkins and marrows, bear edible 

 fruits, while others are grown 

 merely for decorative purposes, 

 and trained to climb over arches 

 and upon poles and other garden 



Gourd. Examples ot some ordinary 

 forms. The species shown include: 

 1. Vegetable Marrow; 2. Water 

 Melon; 3. Winter Melon; 4. Great 

 Yellow Gourd 



structures. Ornamental gourds are 

 raised from seeds planted in rich 

 soil at tho end of May, or the be- 

 ," ; nning of June, and watered 

 freely in dry weather, liquid manure 

 being substituted when the fruits 

 have formed. Gourds require no 

 pruning or cutting back. 



The story of Jonah and the gourd 

 (Jonah, 4) is well known. The 

 rind of several varieties of gourd, 

 including the bottle-gourd (</.?>.), is 

 u^ed by natives to form flasks or 

 bottles for carrying liquids. 



Gourgaud, GASPAKD, BARON 

 (1783-1852). French soldier. He 

 rose to the rank of general in the 

 Napoleonic campaigns, and after 

 the final overthrow of Napoleon 

 accompanied his master to St. 

 Helena, where he assisted him in 

 the preparation of his Memoirs. 

 He published an account of the 

 campaign of 1815, and a vehement 

 refutation of Scott's Life of Na- 

 poleon, but bis most important 

 book is his Journal inedit de 

 Ste.-Helene, first published in 1899 

 He died in Paris, July 25, 1852. 



Gourko, BASIL JOSEFOVITCH 

 ROMEIKO (b. 1807). Russian soldier 

 Born May 8, 1867, he entered the 

 army in 1883. He took part in the 

 Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5. At 

 the outbreak of the Great War he 

 was in command of a cavalry 

 division of the army which in- 

 vaded E. Prussia in Aug., 1914. 



In 1916 he commanded one 

 of the Russian S.W. armies in 

 Volhynia, and in 1910-17 was 

 for some time commander-in-chief 

 of the Russo-Rumanian army in 



Joseph Gourko, 

 Russian soldier 



Moldavia. In 1917, after the revo- 

 lution, he was put in command of 

 the Russian Central Army, but 

 resigned as a protest against the 

 disorganization of the army by the 

 Soviets. Later he came to London, 

 where in 1918 he published his 

 Memories and Impressions of War 

 and Revolution in Russia, 1914-17. 



Gourko on GURKO, JOSRPJI 

 VASILIVITCU (1828-1901). Russian 

 soldier. Of a noble Lithuanian 

 family, he was 

 born Nov. 15, 

 1828, and be- 

 c a m e an 

 officer of the 

 i m p e r i a I 

 guard. He 

 r o se rapidly 

 in rank, and 

 served in the 

 Crimean War, 

 but his mili- 

 tary reputation rests entirely upon 

 hie achievements against the Turks 

 in 1877-78. He led a Russian 

 detachment across the Danube and 

 seized Tirnova; he then drove the 

 Turks from the Shipka Pass, and 

 pressed further into their empire. 

 Falling back, he defended the Ship- 

 ka against Turkish efforts at recap- 

 ture, and had a large share in the 

 operations that led to the fall of 

 Plevna. One operation was an ad- 

 vance on Sofia, which he occupied, 

 having previously driven the Turks 

 from Orkhanie. Near Philippopolis 

 he gained one of the few real vic- 

 tories of the war, and he had won 

 other successes when the struggle 

 ended. Gourko was afterwards 

 governor of St. Petersburg and of 

 Odessa, while from 1883-94 he was 

 governor-general of Poland. He 

 died Jan, 29, 1901. 



Gourmont, REMY DE (1858- 

 1915). French literary critic and 

 scholar. Born at Bazoche, Orne 

 dept., France, he came under the 

 influence of Huysmans, Gerard de 

 Nerval, and Mallarme, and is re- 

 membered as a champion of the 

 symbolist movement in modern 

 French poetry, a scholar, and a 

 writer who to a distinguished 

 literary style added philosophic 

 insight. From 1883-91 he held an 

 appointment at the Bibliotheque 

 Nationale, Paris. Afterwards he 

 became editor of Le Mercure de 

 France. He wrote Les Fransais au 

 Canada, 1888; Proses Moroses 

 1896 ; Le Pelerin du Silence, 1890 ; 

 Le Livre des Masques, 1890-98 ; 

 Esthetique de la Langue Fran- 

 caise, 1899 ; Promenades Litter- 

 aires, 1904-0; Une Nuit au Luxem- 

 bourg, 1900 ; Promenades Philo- 

 sophiques, 1906-8 ; a volume of 

 verse, Divertissements, 1912. Two 

 of his works, Lettres a 1'Ama- 

 zone and Pendant la Guerre, were 



