GOYANA 



GOYEN 



Francisco Goya y 



Lucientes, 

 Spanish painter 



Self-portrait 



Goyana. Town of Brazil, in the 

 state of Pernambuco. It stands on 

 the river Goyana, 40 m. N.N.W. of 

 Pernambuco. It has a Carmelite 

 monastery, schools, a hospital, 

 law courts, and factories, and 

 trades in cotton, dyewoods, sugar, 

 rum, coffee, tobacco, cattle, and 

 hides. Pop. about ] 5,000. 



Goya y Lucientes, FRANCIS* o 

 Josls DE (1746-1828). Spanish 

 painter and etcher. Born of peasant 

 parents at 

 Fuendetodos, 

 in Aragon, he 

 studied art un- 

 der Jose Mar- 

 tinez at Sara- 

 gossa. Having 

 become em- 

 broiled with 

 the authorities, 

 he was obliged 

 to flee to Ma- 

 drid, and a few 

 years later had 

 to seek refuge in Italy. Returning 

 to Madrid in 1775, he married the 

 sister of Bayeu. the court painter, 

 through whose interest he was com- 

 missioned to design the famous 

 tapestries now in the Prado. In 

 1785 he became deputy director of 

 the San Fernando Academy, in 

 1789 painter of the chamber to 

 Charles IV, and in 1814 court 

 painter to King Ferdinand. He 

 was in Seville, 1817, at Paris, 1824, 

 and at Bordeaux, 1825, where he 

 died April 16, 1828. 



A revolutionary in life as well as 

 in art, Goya delighted in offending 

 conventional susceptibilities. His 

 three most famous sets of etchings, 

 Los Caprichos, the Tauromaquia, 

 and Los Desastres de la Guerra 

 the last inspired by Napoleon's 

 invasion express his mordantly 

 satirical genius almost better than 

 any of his paintings ; but his por- 

 traits and subject paintings, with 

 their uncompromising realism, are 

 hardly less characteristic. The best 

 of his work is at Madrid, but there 

 are four examples in the National 

 Gallery, London. See Carnival. 



Goyaz. Central state of Brazil. 

 It is bounded on the W. by Matto 

 G rosso, and on the E. by Minas 

 Geraes and Bahia. Area, 288,462 

 sq. m. Several mt. ranges traverse 

 the state, the chief of which are 

 the sierras of the Matto Gordo, 

 the Cordillera Grande, and the 

 Serro do Parana, mostly running 

 from N. to S. and of no great eleya- 

 tion. The principal rivers are the 

 Tocantins, which rises as the 

 Maranhao in the S. of the state 

 and flows due N. through the 

 centre ; the Araguay on the W. 

 boundary ; and the Paranahyba. 

 Several other streams are un- 

 navigable because of cataracts and 



Goya. His portrait of Dona Isabel Corbo de Porcel, 

 painted in 1806, now in the National Gallery, London 



currents. Extensive forests fringe 

 most ef the rivers, and a large por- 

 tion of territory in the northern 

 districts of the state is unexplored. 



bacco, and car-ao 

 is carried "on. 

 G oyaz is the most 

 backward of the 

 Brazilian states, 

 transport facili- 

 ties are almost 

 non-existent, and 

 rlys. are only just 

 beginning to be 

 laid down. T he- 

 site for the Fede-. 

 ral capital has 

 been selected 

 from this state, 

 on a plateau be- 

 tween Formosa 

 Pyrinopolis and 

 Santa Lugia. The 

 climate is agree- 

 able on the whole. 

 Pop. 541,287. 



Goyaz, the cap- 

 ital of the state, 

 was formerly 

 known as Villa 

 Boa de Goyaz. 

 It stands on the 

 Vermelho river, 

 on the N. side of 

 the Serra de 

 Santa Rita, at 

 an alt. of nearly 

 2.000 ft., 650 m. 

 N.W. of Rio de 

 Janeiro. A well- 

 built town, the chief buildings are 

 a cathedral, governor's palace, 

 schools, churches, and a town hall. 

 Goyaz was founded by Bartholo- 

 mew Silva towards the end of the 

 17th century. Pop. 25,000. 



Goyen, JAN VAN (1596-1665). 

 Dutch painter. Born at Leiden, 

 Jan. 13, 1596, he worked for a while 

 in France, and on his return to Hol- 

 land took finishing lessons from 

 Esaias van de Velde. After a 

 short sojourn in Haarlem he re- 

 sided in his native city for several 

 removing in 1631 to The 



The S. part of the state contains 

 the principal centres of the civil- 

 ized population. Formerly gold 

 was extensively worked, but the 

 output has declined considerably. 

 Silver, copper, marble, and iron 

 exist, but are unworked. Dia- 

 monds and quartz crystals, called 

 Brazilian pebbles- and used in 

 optical work, are found. The chief 

 occupation is stock-raising, but the v 

 cultivation of coffee, sugar, to- 



Gozo, Malta. Wall in the Gran 

 Castello containing Norman arch- 

 ways Top, left, interior of the 

 cathedral looking eastward 



