r 



GRACE 



opposition from the senate, which 

 Gracchus sought to counter by 

 reviving the constitutional legisla- 

 tive powers of the assembly of the 

 people which had been usurped by 

 the senate. His policy virtually 

 amounted to a revolution, and the 

 senate, thoroughly alarmed, put 

 forward a tribune, M. Livius 

 Drusus, to outbid Gracchus. An 

 additional proposal of Gracchus to 

 extend the franchise among the 

 Italians alienated many of his 

 purely Roman supporters, and 

 strengthened the hands of the 

 senate. Gracchus was not elected 

 for the tribunate of 121, and steps 

 were taken by the senate to repeal 

 his measures. The result was a 

 riot, in which Gracchus perished, 

 as his brother had done before him. 

 Less disinterested, perhaps, than 

 Tiberius, Gaius was undoubtedly 

 the abler man. The democratic 

 movement which he started was 

 eventually the chief instrument in 

 the overthrow of the senatorial 

 ascendancy. 



Grace (Lat. gratia). Term used 

 in theology to express the love of 

 God manifesting itself in free and 

 undeserved favour to mankind. 

 Tliis manifestation is threefold and 

 progressive. First, there is the 

 original and eternal love with 

 which God views His creatures ; 

 hence He wills that all men shall 

 be saved and sends forth His Son 

 to accomplish that salvation by 

 His death. This is the grace of un- 

 deserved favour. Secondly, this 

 fact is brought to the knowledge of 

 man by the preaching of Christ and 

 His Apostles, and by the teaching 

 of the Christian Church. This is 

 the grace of outward instruction. 

 Thirdly, the knowledge of salva- 

 tion is made effectual in the soul 

 and the life by the supernatural 

 gift of the Holy Spirit, whereby 

 man embraces the salvation freely 

 provided and offered him. This is 

 the grace of inward sanctification. 

 The first is often known as general 

 grace, and the second and third 

 combined as particular grace. 



Persons are said to be in a state 

 of grace when they are living in 

 communion with God, are penitent 

 for their sins, and are making use 

 of the means of grace provided by 

 Christ. The sacraments are the 

 special channels of divine grace ; 

 but whether their efficacy depends 

 on the faith of the recipient is one 

 of the points of controversy be- 

 tween Catholics and Protestants. 

 In regard to the relationship of the 

 grace of God to the free will of 

 man, S. Augustine and the Cal- 

 vinists maintained that all good in 

 man is due to the grace of God ; 

 while the Pelagians taught that 

 grace merely guided and helped 



3632. 



man's free will. The Church 

 generally takes the view that the 

 grace of God and the free will of 

 man cooperate in all good works ; 

 though some hold that every good 

 thing wrought by the will of man is 

 due to the prevenient or antici- 

 patory grace of God. See Cal- 

 vinism ; Theology. 



Grace (Lat. gratia). Word mean- 

 ing a favour of some kind. It is 

 thus used in law and politics. In 

 England an Act of Grace is one 

 passed at the opening of a new 

 reign, granting a general pardon to 

 certain classes of offenders, usually 

 insolvent debtors. In Scotland the 

 term is applied especially to an Act 

 of 1696, which compelled every 

 creditor, who had caused a debtor 

 to be imprisoned for debt, to be re- 

 sponsible for the debtor's main- 

 tenance while in prison. Favours 

 granted by sovereigns were long 

 known as graces, and the term sur- 

 vives at the universities, being used 

 there for certain permissions, e.g. 

 to take a degree. Days of grace are 

 days allowed, beyond the appointed 

 time, in which a bill of exchange 

 must be met. The phrase your 

 grace is used in Britain in address- 

 ing archbishops and dukes, the 

 idea behind it being that persons of 

 these high ranks granted favours. 

 Grace. Form of thanksgiving 

 said or sung before or after meals. 

 Something of the kind was in use 

 among the Greeks and Romans, 

 but the existing graces are of Chris- 

 tian, and mainly monastic, origin. 

 They are-said in the halls of public 

 schools and colleges, at Oxford and 

 Cambridge, the Inns of Court, and 

 other learned societies, and fre- 

 quently at public dinners. Some 

 societies have their own grace, often 

 a long one. A popular form is Bene- 

 dictus benedicat (May the Blessed 

 bless) used before, and Benedicto 

 benedicatur (May the blessed be 

 blest) after the meal. 



Grace, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848- 

 1915). English cricketer. Born 

 July 18, 1848, at Downend, Glou- 

 cestershire, his 

 father was 

 Henry Mills 

 Grace, a doctor, 

 who was also 

 an enthusiastic 

 cricketer. His 

 four sons were 

 all brought up 

 to play cricket 

 from child- 

 hood, and in 

 addition to W. 

 G., two of them 

 Henry Mills 



Russell 



and George Frederick played for 

 Gloucestershire. 



Educated for the medical pro- 

 fession, Grace became a doctor, 



GRACECHURCH STREET 



but cricket was his real career. In 

 1863 he began to play in first- 

 class matches, and in 1870 became 

 a member of the Gloucestershire 

 county team, which almost at once 

 ranked as a first-class county. 

 This he captained until 1899, and 

 under him it was at one time the 

 champion county. He captained 

 the English team in its test matches 

 against Australia until 1899, and 

 to that country he took teams in 

 1873-74 and 1891-92; he also 

 visited the United States. In 1899 

 he severed his connexion with 

 Gloucestershire, and became man- 

 ager of the new London County 

 club. He died on Oct. 23, 1915. 



The champion, as Grace was 

 called, was certainly the greatest 

 cricketer who ever lived. A man 

 of massive frame, over 6 ft. in 

 height, he was also devoted to 

 other sports, being a fine runner, 

 but mainly with the idea of keep- 

 ing himself fit. As a batsman he 

 was superb, but he was also a 

 notable fieldsman and a skilful 

 bowler. He knew the game from 

 end to end, and part of his suc- 

 cess was due to his judgement. 



Grace's performances with the 

 bat were marvellous, the more 

 so because they were done on the 

 rougher wickets of the past. Alto- 

 gether, up to 1900, when his career 

 as a first-class cricketer ended, he 

 scored over 51,000 runs. In 1871 

 he scored 2,739 runs in the season, 

 an average of 78, including ten 

 innings of over 100 each. His 

 highest score in first-class cricket 

 was 344, while on ten occasions he 

 scored over 200. He played in a 

 long series of Gentlemen v. Players 

 matches from 1865 to 1899 ; 15 

 times he scored over 100 in these 

 games. As a bowler he took over 

 2,800 wickets, while in seven sea- 

 sons he scored over 1,000 runs and 

 took over 100 wickets In 1895, 

 when nearing fifty, he scored 2,346 

 runs, giving him an average of 51. 

 Grace wrote Cricketing Remi- 

 niscences, 1899. 



Gracechurch Street. London 

 thoroughfare connecting Fish Street 

 Hill with Cornhill and Leadenhall 

 Street, B.C. Known in the 13th 

 century as Garscherchesstrate (A.S. 

 gaers, gers, graes, a blade of grass, 

 herb, hay), from the grass or herb 

 market held in the yard of S. 

 Benet's Church, its present name 

 dates from 1666. S. Benet's stood 

 on the E. side, at the junction with 

 Fenchurch Street, was burnt in the 

 Great Fire, rebuilt by Wren 1685, 

 and demolished 1867-68, when the 

 street was widened. Tarlton the 

 clown lived here, and at the Cross 

 Keys Inn, No. 15, which existed 

 down to the middle of the 19th 

 century, Bankes exhibited his horse 



