GRAFTING 



3634 



GRAHAM 



Grafting. 1. A piece of scion wood, and, 2, scions ready for grafting. 



3. Crown or rind grafting. 4. Splice. 5. Cleft. 6. Saddle. 7. Inarching. 



8. Whip. 9. Notch. 10. Top graft, tool holding stock open for reception of 



scions. 11. Scions in position. 12. After application of wax 



most generally practised upon the 

 stocks of fruit trees of mature age. 

 The stock is cut off cleanly, and 

 any number of slips or scions, from 

 four to six, inserted in the slits 

 prepared for them. By this process 

 it is possible to obtain three or four 

 different varieties of grafted fruit 

 from the same tree, but the process 

 is not economical. Among all the 

 different varieties of graft, the 

 simple slip or tongue, with the stem 

 of a scion suitably prepared, is the 

 one which gives the best results. 

 See Gardening. " 



Grafting. Transference of por- 

 tions of skin from one area to 

 another to replace skin destroyed 

 by burn or injury. The method 

 was introduced by Reverdin in 

 1869. His plan was to remove a 

 number of small pieces of cuticle 

 and cutis, the upper layers of the 

 skin, from the healthy area, which 

 were then dotted over the denuded 

 are*, thus serving as centres of 

 repair. In Thiersch's method large 



strips of cuticle are applied to the 

 raw surface. In the Wolfe graft 

 the whole thickness of the skin is 

 employed. Bone-grafting has also 

 been applied with success in modern 

 surgery. See Surgery. 



Grafton. Town of New South 

 Wales. It stands on the Clarence 

 river, 45 m. from its mouth, and 

 is the chief port of the Northern 

 Rivers dist., 350 m. N. of Sydney. 

 It has bacon factories, creameries, 

 sawmills, and tanneries. The centre 

 of a fertile district devoted to 

 dairying and horse breeding, it pro- 

 duces also sugar, maize, oranges, 

 and timber. It is the seat of an 

 Anglican and a Roman Catholic 

 b.'shop. Coal has been discovered 

 in the neighbourhood. Pop. 5,888. 



Graf ton, DUKE OF. English 

 title borne by the family of FitzRoy 

 since 1675. Henry, son of Charles 

 II by Barbara Villiers, duchess of 

 Cleveland, was called FitzRoy and 

 made duke of Grafton in 1675. He 

 was killed in 1690 whilst fighting in 



Ireland for William of Orange. His 

 descendant, Augustus Henry, the 

 3rd duke, figured in the politics of 

 the 18th century, and from him 

 the later dukes descend. These 

 include the 7th duke, who was 

 wounded at Inkerman, and became 

 a general, and who died Dec. 1918. 

 The duke's eldest son is known as 

 earl of Euston, and his chief seat is 

 Euston Hall, Thetford. His estates 

 are mainly in Suffolk and North- 

 amptonshire. 



Grafton, AUGUSTUS HENRY 

 FITZROY, 3RD DUKE OF (1735- 

 1811). English statesman. Born 

 Oct. 1, 1735, he was educated at 

 West minster 

 and Cam- 

 bridge. He 

 became duke 

 in 1757 and 

 was soon a 

 prominent 

 figure in poli- 

 tics. He op- 

 posed Bute, 

 and in 1765 

 became seevc- 

 tary or state 

 for the northern department, 1765. 

 In 1766 he was made tirst lord 

 of the treasury. He was head 

 of the ministry during Pitt's 

 illness, but resigned in 1770. He 

 was made lord privy seal in 1771, 

 and again in 1782. He died 

 at Euston Hall, Suffolk, March 

 14, 1811. 



Grafton Gallery. London pic- 

 ture repository. It is in Grafton 

 Street, Piccadilly, and derives its 

 name from the dukes of Grafton. 

 The collections include works by 

 Leighton and Poynter, and the art- 

 treasures belonging 'to the Dilet- 

 tanti Society, founded in 1734. In 

 1921 the interests in connexion 

 with the Grosvenor Gallery were 

 transferred here and exhibitions 

 of the National Portrait and other 

 societies organized. 



Gragnano. Town of Italy, in 

 the prov. of Naples. It is 20 m. by 

 rly. S.E. of Naples, and 2 m. E. of 

 Castellammare. It has many mac- 

 aroni factories and is noted for the 

 red wine it exports. Pop. 14,642. 



Graham, GEORGE PERRY (b. 

 1859). Canadian politician. Born 

 at Eganville, Ontario, of Irish 

 descent, he began life as a teacher, 

 but adopted journalism and in 

 1880 became editor of The Morris- 

 burg Herald. In 1893 he moved to 

 Brockville, where he was managing 

 director of The Recorder, and in 

 1898 was returned to the Ontario 

 legislature. Devoting himself to 

 politics, he was secretary of the 

 province in 1904-5, and in 1907 

 became leader of the opposition. 



He was returned to the House of 

 Commons at Ottawa as a follower 



