GRAHAM 



3635 



GRAHAME-WHITE 



of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, and was 

 appointed minister of railways and 

 canals, holding that position until 

 the Liberal defeat in 1911. Having 

 lost his seat at Brockville, he was 

 elected in 1912 for S. Renfrew. 

 Prominent also in commercial life, 

 Graham was president of The 

 Montreal Herald and of other 

 companies. 



Graham, SIR HENRY JOHN 

 LOWNDES (b. 1842). British civil 

 servant. The son of William 

 Graham of Burntshiels, Renfrew- 

 shire, he was educated at Harrow 

 and Balliol College, Oxford. In 

 1868 he became a barrister and 

 from 1874-80 was secretary to the 

 lord chancellor, Earl Cairns. From 

 1880-85 he was master in lunacy, 

 and from 1885-1917 was clerk of 

 the parliaments. In 1902 he was 

 knighted. Sir Henry married 

 firstly a daughter of the earl of 

 Cranbrook and secondly a daughter 

 of the marquess of Northampton. 

 His eldest son, Sir Ronald William 

 Graham (b. 1870), entered the 

 diplomatic service, and was ap- 

 pointed minister to the kingdom of 

 the Netherlands in 1919. 



Graham's second son, Captain 

 Harry Graham, is known as a 

 clever writer of skits and parodies. 

 His works include Ruthless 

 Rhymes for Heartless Homes, 

 1899; Misrepresentative Men, 1904; 

 Misrepresentative Women, 1906 ; 

 The Bolster Book, 1910 ; Canned 

 Classics, 1911; and Biffin and His 

 Circle, 1919. 



Graham, SIR JAMES ROBERT 

 GEORGE (1792-1861). British poli- 

 tician. Born June 1, 1792, he was 



_. , the eldest son 



djjf^^^ 1 of Sir James 



| Graham, Bart., 



iJhte. : to wnose ^tle 



I he succeeded 



I in 1824. Edu- 



| cated at West 



^B| ^^k 1 minster School 



mm Wjiy&L and Christ 



^BFJM^ Church, Ox 



Sir James Graham. f or d, he entered 



Bntuh politician >. Parliament in 



1818 as M.P. for Hull in the 

 Whig interest. In 1826, after 

 an absence of five years, he re- 

 turned to the House as M.P. for 

 Carlisle, and was soon prominent 

 among those who were advocating 

 the reforms which were carried 

 into effect between 1830 and 1836. 

 In 1830 he was made first lord of 

 the admiralty, resigning in 1834 

 because he disagreed with the pro- 

 posals about the revenues of the 

 Irish Church. Graham then gravi- 

 tated to the Tories, and from 1841- 

 46 was home secretary under Peel, 

 this being the time when the letters 

 of Mazzini and other political re- 

 fugees were opened by his orders. 



In 1852, with other Peelites, he 

 joined the ministry as first lord of 

 the admiralty, but he resigned in 

 1855 owing to censure about the 

 conduct of the Crimean War. He 

 died Oct. 25, 1861. See Life, C. S. 

 Parker, 1907. 



Graham, ROBERT BONTINE CUN- 

 NINGHAM E (b. 1852). British author, 

 traveller, and politician. Belong- 

 ing to an old Scottish family, he 

 derived his literary tastes from 

 his mother, a sister of the 14th 

 Baron Elphinstone. Educated at 

 Harrow, he engaged in cattle farm- 

 ing in Mexico and the River Plate, 

 was Radical M.P. for N. Lanark- 

 shire, 1886-92, wrote much on 

 social subjects, travel, and topog- 

 raphy, but is best known as a 

 writer of vivid short stories. 



Following his Notes on the Dis- 

 trict of Menteith, 1895, and Father 

 Archangel of Scotland and other 

 Essays, written with his wife, 1896, 

 came Aurora la Cujini, 1898, a 

 realistic sketch 

 of a bull fight 

 and a dancing 

 hall in Seville; 

 Mogreb el Ack- 

 sa, a Journey in 

 Morocco, 1898; 

 The I p a n e, 

 1899; Thirteen 

 Stories, 1900 ; 



ffoppi 



A Vanished Arcadia, 1901 ; Success, 

 1902 ; Life of Hernando de Soto, 

 1903; Progress, 1905 ; His People, 

 1906; Faith, 1909; Hope, 1910; 

 Charity, 1912 ; A Hatchment, 1913 ; 

 Life of Bernal Diaz del Castillo, 

 1915 ; A Brazilian Mystic, 1920. 



Graham, STEPHEN (b. 1884). 

 British author and traveller. At- 

 tracted to Russia by the spirit of 

 Russian literature, he travelled 

 much in that 

 country and 

 gained an in- 

 timate insight 

 into the lives 

 of the people. 

 In 1914 he tra- 

 velled in Cen- 

 tral Asia, in 

 Egypt and the 

 near East, 1915, Stephen Graham, 

 and in Norway British author 

 and Murmansk, . Russcl1 



1916. Returning to England, he 

 joined the Scots Guards, with whom 

 he served 1917-18. His books in- 

 clude A Vagabond in the Caucasus, 

 1911 ; Undiscovered Russia, 1912 ; 

 A Tramp's Sketches, 1912 ; Chang- 

 ing Russia, 1913 ; With Russian 

 Pilgrims to Jerusalem, 1913 ; With 

 Poor Immigrants to America, 

 1914 ; The Way of Martha and 

 the Way of Mary, 1915 ; Through 



Russian Central Asia, 1016 ; Priest 

 of the Ideal, 1917 ; Quest of the 

 Face, 1918 ; A Private in the 

 Guards, 1919 ; and Children of the 

 Slaves, 1920, a study of the Ameri- 

 can negro question. 



Graham, THOMAS (1805-69). 

 British chemist. Born at Glasgow, 

 Dec. 21, 1805, and educated at 

 Glasgow and 

 Edinburgh 

 Universities, 

 in 1837 he was 

 app oi nted 

 professor of 

 chemistry at 

 University 

 College, Lon- 

 don. He held 

 this office un- 

 til in 1855 he 

 became master of the Mint. He was 

 the first president of the Chemical 

 Society, founded in 1841. Gra- 

 ham's scientific reputation rests 

 upon important investigations into 

 the diffusion of gases and liquids. 

 He died in London, Sept. 11, 1869. 

 Grahame-White, CLAUDE (b. 

 1879). British aviator and aero- 

 nautical engineer. Born Aug. 21, 

 1879, he was 

 educate'd at 

 Bedford Gram- 

 mar School. 

 After establish- 

 ing a motor en- 

 gineering busi- 

 ness in London, 

 he became in- 

 terested in 

 aeronautics in 

 1909, making 

 his earliest 

 flights in France, and was the first 

 Englishman to be granted an avi- 

 ator's certificate. He started a school 

 of aviation at Paris in 1909, and in 

 1910 won for Great Britain the 

 international Gordon Bennet aero- 

 plane race in America. He formed 

 the Grahame-White Aviation Co., 

 which became proprietors of the 

 Aerodrome, at Hendon. 



On the outbreak of the Great 

 War he was appointed flight-com- 

 mander on special service in the 

 R.N.A.S., but he resigned in 1915 

 to superintend the carrying out 

 of government contracts for build- 

 ing aeroplanes. He was the author 

 of The Story of the Aeroplane, 

 1911, The Aeroplane, Past, Present, 

 and Future, 1911 ; The Aeroplane 

 in War, 1912; The First Airways, 

 their Organization, Eiquipment, and 

 Finance, 1918. 



Grahame-White. Trade name 

 of various aeroplanes desfqned by 

 the Grahame-White Aviatioi* Co. 

 They were extensively flown at 

 Hendon Aerodrome, London, for 

 instructional purposes during the 

 Great War. 



C. Grahame-White, 

 British aviator 



Elliott & Fry 



