GRANARY 



3640 



GRAND CORNIER 



Bernard Forbes, 

 8th Earl of Granard 



earl. He fought for Charles II in 

 Scotland, against the Common- 

 wealth, and raised the 18th Royal 

 Irish Regi- 

 m e n t, which 

 his son, the 

 2nd earl, 

 commanded. 

 George, the 

 3rd earl, was 

 sent as British 

 minister to 

 M uscovy, and 

 George, the 

 6thearl,agen- 

 oral in fc t , !e 



army, was made a baron of the 

 United Kingdom in 1800. Bernard, 

 the 8th earl, who succeeded in 

 1889, was master of the horse. The 

 family seat is Castle Forbes, co. 

 Longford, and the earl's eldest son 

 is known as Viscount Forbes. 



Granary (Lat. pi., gmnaria). 

 Place for storing grain in bulk. In 

 modern times the granary has been 

 largely supplemented by the 

 elevator. See Barn ; Elevator. 



Granby, MARQUESS OF. Title 

 borne by the eldest son of the duke 

 of Rutland, Granby being a village 

 i n Notting- 

 hamshire, not 

 far from Bel- 

 voir. Its most 

 notable bearer 

 was the Eng- 

 lish soldier 

 John Manners 

 (1721-1770). 

 The eldest 



son of the John Manners, 

 third duke, Marquess of Granby 

 he was born After Reynold* 



Aug. 2, 1721. Educated at Eton 

 and Trinity College, Cambridge, 

 his first military service was with 

 Cumberland's army in the Jacobite 

 rising of 1745. In 1758, during the 

 Seven Years' War, he went to 

 Germany in command of a brigade 

 of cavalry, and in 1759 became 

 commander of the British contin- 

 gent, in which capacity he did 

 brilliant work, notably at Warburg, 

 Briickermuhl, Gravenstein, and 

 Wilhelmstahl. He returned home in 

 1763, and became commander-in- 

 chief in 1766, his conduct in this 

 position being attacked by Junius. 

 For many years Granby was M.P. 

 for Grantham, and he represented 

 Cambridgeshire from 1754 until 

 his death at Scarborough, Oct. 18, 

 1770. Granby is the marquess 

 whose name is borne by many 

 public houses, a tribute to his 

 popularity in 1763. 



Gran Chaco. Region of central 

 S. America. See Chaco, el Gran. 



Grand. River of U.S.A. Its 

 headstreams rise in Iowa, and 

 unite in Gantry co., Missouri, 

 through which state the river flows 



S.E. to its junction with the Mis- 

 souri river near Brunswick. Its 

 length is about 300 m. 



Grand. River of Colorado and 

 Utah, U.S.A. A headstream of the 

 Colorado river, it rises in the Rocky 

 Mts., and flows 350 m. S.W. to the 

 Green river, which it joins in the 

 S.E. of Utah, and has cut deep and 

 precipitous canons, 



Grand. River of Michigan, 

 U.S.A. Rising in Jackson co., in the 

 N.E. part of the state, it flows W. 

 and N. to Lansing, where it again 

 follows a W. course, and enters 

 Lake Michigan at Grand Haven. 

 It is 280 m. long, and navigable for 

 40 m. up from its mouth. 



Grand, SARAH. Pen-name of 

 Frances Elizabeth M'Fall, British 

 novelist. Daughter of Edward 

 Clarke, R.N., 

 she was mar- 

 ried at the age 

 of 16 to Sur- 

 geon Lieut. - 

 Col. M'Fall. 

 Her first novel 

 I d e a 1 a, was 

 written at the 

 age of 26, but 

 her reputation 

 chiefly rests 

 upon The 

 Heavenly 

 Twins, 1893, memorable for its 

 uncompromisinghandlingof certain 

 sex problems, a subject skilfully 

 developed in The Beth. Book, 1898. 

 A lifelong supporter of the woman's 

 movement, her other publications 

 include Babs the Impossible, 1900, 

 and The Winged Victory, 1916. 



Grand Alliance. Name given 

 to the alliance of European Powers 

 against France in 1701. Louis XIV 

 of France, refusing to recognize the 

 treaties by which arrangements for 

 a partition of the Spanish posses- 

 sions had been made, accepted for 

 his grandson the crown of Spain. 

 To counter this, William III formed 

 the alliance between the Empire, 

 England, and Holland, who signed 

 a treaty agreeing to compensate 

 the emperor for the loss of Spam, 

 on Sept. 7, 1701. The alliance, 

 joined in 1702 by Prussia, and in 

 1703 by Portugal and Savoy, 

 carried on the war of the Spanish 

 Succession (q.v. ). 



Grand Bank. Submarine ele- 

 vation, extending about 200 m. to 

 300 m. S. by E. of Cape Race, New- 

 foundland. The area is about 

 500,000 sq. m. ; the depth varies 

 from 10 to 160 fathoms. The 

 waters swarm with fish, especially 

 cod, and fishing is free. The season 

 lasts from June to mid. Nov. See 

 Fisheries ; Newfoundland. 



Grand Bassam. Port in the 

 French colony of the Ivory Coast. 

 It stands on the Gulf of Guinea, at 



the entrance of a lagoon, which 

 forms a well -protected harbour. 

 It is the most important port in the 

 colony, but trade is somewhat 

 hampered, owing to the fact that 

 Abidjan, the coastal terminus ot 

 the main line of rly., is situated on 

 the adjacent mainland. Here is 

 the headquarters of the customs 

 administration. It was formerly 

 the seat of the governor of the 

 colony. Pop. 2,832. 



Grand Canal. Main waterway 

 of Venice. It winds through the 

 city, in the shape of the letter S, and 

 from it other canals branch in all 

 directions. On its banks are most of 

 the famous palaces of the city, and 

 near it is the Piazza of S. Mark. 

 The Rialto bridge crosses it. See 

 Venice. 



There is a Grand Canal in Ireland, 

 extending from Dublin to Ballin- 

 asloe; this has a length of 80 m., 

 and with its branches one of 146 m. 



Grand Canal. Canal of China, 

 stretching from Hangchow to 

 Tientsin, a distance of 850 m. At 

 Chinkiang, 280 m. from Hangchow, 

 the Yangtze divides the canal into 

 two portions. The construction of 

 the middle section, from the 

 Yangtze to the Yellow river, 

 which was in use in 480 B.C., is at- 

 tributed to the 6th century B.C. 

 The S. section was added between 

 A.D. 605 and 617, arid the N. part, 

 from the old bed of the Yellow 

 river to Tientsin, was made be- 

 tween 1280-83. 



Grand Canon. Deep gorge in 

 Arizona, U.S.A., cut by the Color- 

 ado river. It is the most remark- 

 able of a series of canons, extend- 

 ing for about 1,000 m. along the 

 river's course, and presents a scene 

 of unequalled natural grandeur and 

 weirdness. The gorge extends for 

 about 217 m., has a depth varying 

 between 3,000 ft. and 6,000 ft., and 

 a breadth of from 2m. to 15 m 

 James White is said to have been 

 the first to traverse the canon, 

 but the first authenticated passage 

 was accomplished by Major J. W. 

 Powell in 1869. See Cafion. 



Grande Combe, LA. Town of 

 France. In the dept. of Gard, it is 

 31 m. from Nimes. The munici- 

 pality includes La Levade and La 

 Pise, as well as La Grande Combe 

 proper. There are coal and other 

 mines around the town, which is 

 also known for its glass manufac- 

 ture. Pop. 11,550. 



Grand Cornier. Mt. of Swit- 

 zerland, in the canton of Valais. 

 Situated N. of the Dent Blanche, 

 near the Matterhorn, it reaches an 

 alt. of 13,020 ft. The ascent by the 

 ". Col de Bricolla is difficult, but not 

 dangerous ; that from the Col du 

 Grand Cornier (11,628 ft.) is 

 longer and more difficult. See Alps. 



