GRANDS MULETS 



3643 



GRANGER 



committed by the king after his 

 accession ; subsequent sections 

 dealt chiefly with suggested reme- 

 dial measures, such as the adoption 

 of safeguards against Roman 

 Catholicism, guarantees for the 

 better administration of justice, 

 and the prevention of the employ- 

 ment as ministers of worthless per- 

 sons. After acrimonious debate the 

 Grand Remonstrance was passed 

 by 159 votes to 148, and was pre- 

 sented to the king, Dec. 1, 1641. 



Grands Mulcts. Rocky ridge 

 on the N. slope of Mont Blanc. It 

 lies at an alt. of 10,030 ft. on the 

 track from Chamonix to Mont 

 Blanc. See Mont Blanc. 



Grandson OB CRANSON. Town 

 of Switzerland, in the canton of 

 Vaud. It stands on the lake of 

 Neuchatel, 3 m. by rly. N.W. of 

 Yverdon. It has an ancient 

 Romanesque church, recently re- 

 stored, and a fine castle dating 

 from the llth century, long the 

 seat of the baronial family of 

 Grandson. Captured by the Ber- 

 nese in 1475, it was taken in Feb., 

 1476, by the duke of Burgundy, 

 whose massacre of the garrison led 

 to the famous battle of March 3, 

 1476, near the town, in which 

 Charles the Bold was disastrously 

 defeated by the Swiss. Pop. 1,334. 



Grand Trunk Railway. Cana- 

 dian railway, now part of the 

 National Transcontinental system, 

 and owned by the state. It was 

 formed in 1852, being an amal- 

 gamation of various small lines, 

 including the St. Lawrence and 

 Champlain, the oldest line in 

 Canada, St. Lawrence and Atlantic, 

 Guelph and Sarnia, and Grand 

 Junction. Other lines were added 

 by purchase or construction. 



About 1900 it was decided to 

 make the system a trans-contin- 

 ental one, and by an arrangement 

 with the Dominion Government 

 the Grand Trunk promoted the 

 Grand Trunk Pacific line. The 

 guarantees given in this connexion 

 were a heavy charge on the com- 

 pany's resources, and this, coupled 

 with the difficulties caused by the 

 Great War, was a serious check to 

 its development. The Dominion 

 Government, therefore, decided to 

 acquire the system, and to this end 

 an Act was passed in 1919. 



When taken over in 1920 the 

 company had a mileage of 3,567 in 

 Canada and 1,558 in the U.S.A. 

 The system starts from Portland, 

 Maine, and from Rousses Pt. on 

 Lake Champlain. A line from Que- 

 bec joins these two and the main 

 line passes to Montreal by the 

 Victoria Jubilee Bridge. From 

 Montreal it goes to Toronto, and 

 thence through Ontario to various 

 partsonLake Huron and on Georgia 



Sir W. Guy Granet, 



British railway 



manager 



Russell 



Bay. The company had steamers on 

 the Great Lakes and elsewhere and 

 headquarters at Montreal. The 

 total capital was about 85,000,000. 

 See Canada. 



Granet, SIR WILLIAM GUY (b. 

 1867). British rly. manager. Born 

 Oct. 13, 1867, he was educated at 

 Rugby and 

 Balliol College, 

 Oxford, and 

 was called to 

 the bar in 

 1883. He be- 

 came secretary 

 of the Rail- 

 way C o m - 

 panies' Asso- 

 ciation in 

 1900, assist- 

 ant-general 

 manager o f 

 the Midland Rly., 1905, and general 

 manager in 1906. During the Great 

 War he was director-general of 

 military rlys. in 1916 and director- 

 general of movements and rlys. in 

 1917, with a seat on the Army 

 Council. In Dec., 1918, he retired 

 from the general managership of 

 the, M. R., and in 1924 became ch. 

 of the London, Midland & Scottish 

 Rly. He was knighted in 1911. 



Grange (late Lat. granea, barn). 

 Term now used for a country house 

 with farm attached, and also for a 

 better-class farm. It has been 

 applied to a granary,' a barn, a 

 farm, occasionally to a collection 

 of farms, and hence a village or 

 hamlet, and especially, in the 

 Middle Ages, to outlying farm 

 buildings belonging to a religious 

 house or lay lord where crops for 

 tithe or rent were stored. 



Grange OR GRANGE OVER SANDS. 

 Urban dist. and watering-place of 

 Lancashire. It stands on More- 

 cambe Bay, 9 m. from Carnforth, 

 and has a station on the Furness Rly. 

 The chief building is the Victoria 

 Hall ; there are also public gardens, 

 and the urban council owns the 

 water supply. With a mild cli- 

 mate, it has a hydropathic estab- 

 lishment and has 

 good bathing facili- 

 ties. Pop. 2,200. 



Grangemouth. 

 Burgh and sea- 

 port of Stirling- 

 shire. It stands 

 on the south side 

 of the Forth, 3 m 

 from Falkirk, and 

 is served by the 

 N.B. andCal. Rlys. 

 Here two streams, 

 the Grange and the 

 Carron, fall into the 

 Forth. Mainly a 

 modern town, it 

 arose on the 

 terminus of the 



Forth and Clyde canal, and has 

 now extensive docks. From here 

 coal and iron are sbipped, while 

 the ore for the ironworks of the 

 Falkirk district is landed here. 

 Steamers go to London, Rotterdam, 

 and other ports. There is a large 

 shipbuilding yard, two dry-docks, 

 and manufactures of rope, etc. The 

 town council owns the water and 

 gas works. Pop. 11,000. 



Grange Party OR GRANGERS. 

 Economic organization in the 

 U.S.A.. in full the Society of 

 Patrons of Husbandry. It was 

 founded in ] 867, the prime mover 

 being 0. H. Kelley, a farmer from 

 Minnesota, and its main object was 

 to foster the agricultural interest. 

 A feature wa that it was a 

 secret society. Its membership 

 was limited to those engaged in 

 agriculture ; women were eligible 

 with men. Until 1873 its influence 

 was very marked and to it much 

 legislation was due, the railways 

 being a subject of much interest 

 to the Grangers. After 1873 a 

 period of decline set in, but after 

 1890 the movement revived and 

 it is now a strong organization. 



Granger, JAMES (1723-76). 

 English writer and print collector. 

 Born at Shaftesbury, Dorset, and 

 educated at Christ Church, Oxford, 

 he became vicar of Shiplake, where 

 he died April 4, 1776. He wrote a 

 Biographical History of England, 

 from Egbert to the Revolution, 

 1769, which he lavishly illustrated 

 with the engraved portraits he had 

 collected. This history was added 

 to by other hands, one copy 

 containing 3,000 portraits. 



The process of extra-illustrating 

 a book with pictures relating to all 

 that the book contains has been 

 known since as grangerising. The 

 grangeriser, having made his col- 

 lection, takes his book to pieces, 

 inserts the extra illustrations in the 

 most appropriate places, and has 

 the whole bound anew. Notable ex- 

 amples of this kind of work are the 

 Crowle copy of Pennant's History 



ngemc 



Clyde canal, of which this town is the terminus 



Valentine 



