GRANTON 



3646 



GRAPE 



House of Commons as member for 

 Appleby in 1756, and remained 

 therein, sitting for various consti- 

 tuencies, until 1782. In 1762 he 

 was made solicitor-general and in 

 1763 attorney-general. He was 

 elected speaker of the House of 

 Commons in 1770, but lost the 

 position in 1780, largely owing to 

 the way he had addressed the king 

 about money matters in 1777. He 

 was raised to the peerage in 1782. 

 An able but unscrupulous lawyer, 

 he figured in the public prints as 

 Sir Bull-face Doublefee. He died 

 Jan. 1, 1789, when his eldest son 

 William (1742-1822) became the 

 2nd baron ; the title is still held by 

 the descendants of the 1st baron. 



Granton. Seaport of Edin- 

 burghshire, Scotland. It stands on 

 the Firth of Forth and within the 

 city of Edinburgh. It has a good 

 harbour, with two breakwaters and 

 facilities for coaling, and is the 

 headquarters of several steamship 

 lines and a landing place for the 

 North Sea trawlers. Coal, cotton, 

 etc., are exported, and timber, 

 grain, tobacco, etc., imported. See 

 Edinburgh. 



Grantown. Police burgh and 

 market town of Elginshire, Scot- 

 land. It stands on the Spey, 23 m. 

 S. of Forres, on the Highland and 

 G.N. of Scotland Rlys. The capital 

 of Strathspey, Grantown is finely 

 situated amid magnificent forests 

 of pine and birch, and is frequented 

 as a health resort. Distilling is 

 carried on and there is a trade in 

 cattle. The town was founded in 

 1776 by Sir James Grant, hence 

 its name, and near it is Castle 

 Grant, seat of the earls of Seafield. 

 Pop. 1,450. 



Granville, France. 



The lower and upper towns, from 

 the south 



Granulite (Lat. yranulum, little 

 grain). Rock mainly composed of 

 felspar, quartz, mica, and granite. 

 The name is used for several 

 varieties of rock by geologists. It 

 is common in Scotland and parts 

 erf Europe. 



Granvelle OR GRANVELLA, AN- 

 TorNE PERRENOT DE (1517-86). 

 Spanish prelate and diplomatist. 



Born Aug. 20, 1517, at Besan^on, 

 his father was a lawyer who be- 

 came chancellor to the emperor 

 Charles V. Educated at the uni- 

 versities of Padua and Louvain, 

 Antoine became a priest, and in 

 1540 was made bishop of Arras. 

 His father's influence, however, 

 and his own aptitude led him into 

 political life, and he, too, was soon 

 employed by Charles V on diplo- 

 matic business. He attended some 

 of the sittings of the council of 

 Trent in the emperor's interest, 

 and was responsible for the treaties 

 between Charles and his German 

 foes in 1547 and 1552. He helped 

 to arrange the marriage between 

 Mary and Philip II, and in 1559 

 settled in the Netherlands as chief 

 adviser to the regent, Margaret of 

 Parma. 



From 1570-75 Granvelle was 

 viceroy of Naples for Philip II, 

 after which he held a controlling 

 position in state circles at Madrid. 

 Granvelle was made archbishop of 

 Malines in 1560, archbishop of 

 Besancon in 1584, and a cardinal in 

 1561. He died at Madrid, Sept. 21. 

 1586. Granvelle's letters and 

 papers, owing to the prominent 

 part he took in European politics, 

 are an important source for his- 

 torians. 



Granville. Town of New South 

 Wales, Australia, in Cumberland 

 co. It is situated a few miles E. 

 of Parramatta on the Parramatta- 

 Sydney Rly., and is a manufactur- 

 ing centre within Greater Sydney. 

 Pop. 6,938. 



Granville. Town and watering- 

 place of France, in the dept. of 

 Manche. Built on a promontory, 

 where the river Bosq enters the 



^ English Channel, 



1 it is divided into 

 the lower town 

 and the upper 

 town, the latter 

 being surrounded 

 b y fortifications 

 and containing 

 the citadel. The 

 Gothic church of 

 Notre Dame was 

 restored in t h e 

 15th - 16th cen- 

 turies. The town 

 has a good har- 

 bour and a ship- 

 p i n g trade. It 

 was fortified by 

 the English when they held France, 

 but was taken from them in 1450. 

 Tney possessed it again later, but, 

 having fortified it in 1640, finally 

 lost it in 1641. Pop. 11,350. 



Granville, EARL. British title 

 borne since 1833 by the family of 

 Leveson-Gower. The first earl 

 was Lord Granville Leveson- 

 Gower (1773-1846), a younger son 



of the 1st marquess of Stafford. 

 He was secretary at war and am- 

 bassador in turn to Russia and 

 France. His son, the 2nd earl, 

 was leading Liberal politician in 

 the time of Gladstone, and his 

 grandson, Granville George, the 

 3rd earl (b. 1872), was in the 

 diplomatic service, being made 

 minister at Athens in 1917. t 



Granville, GRANVILLE GEORGE 

 LEVESON-GOWER, 2ND EARL (1815- 

 91). British statesman. The 

 eldest son of the 1st earl, he was 

 born May 11, 1815, and was 

 educated at Eton and Christ 

 Church, Oxford. Related to the 

 great Whig families, he entered 

 Parliament as M.P. for Morpeth in 

 1836, and was an under-secretary 

 under Melbourne. In 1846 he 

 succeeded to his father's earldom, 

 and a succession of political offices 

 followed. In 1846 he was made 

 master of the buckhounds ; in 

 1848 vice-president of the board of 

 trade; in 1851 foreign minister. 

 In 1852 he was chosen president of 

 the council ; in 1854 chancellor 

 of the duchy 

 of Lancaster ; 

 and in 1855 

 was again 

 president. He 

 resigned with 

 his colleagues 

 in 185S. 



In 1855 

 Granville be- 

 came leader 

 of the Lib- 

 erals in the 

 House of 

 Lords. In 1859 he became presi- 

 dent of the council, and from 1868- 

 70 he was colonial secretary, this 

 being under Gladstone, with whom 

 he was henceforward closely as- 

 sociated. He was foreign secre- 

 tary 1870-74, and again 1880-85, 

 but he is usually regarded as weak 

 in that position. He followed 

 Gladstone on Home Rule, and 

 in 1886 was for a short time colo- 

 nial secretary. A cultured man of 

 gracious personality, and alive to 

 the need for change and improve- 

 ment, Granville was chancellor of 

 the university of London from 

 1856-91. He died in London, 

 March 31, 1891. See Life, Lord 

 Fitzmaurice, 1905. 



Grao Mogol. Town of Brazil, 

 in the state of Minas Geraes. It 

 stands in a mining district on a 

 tributary of the Jequitinhonha, 

 55 m. due N. of Minas Novas. 



Grape. Fruit of the vine(Vitis 

 vinifera), a shrub of the natural 

 order Ampelideae. The vine, which 

 is a native of the Mediterranean 

 region, was apparently introduced 

 into Britain at the time of the 

 Christian era. In the S. and W. of 



