I3REAT NORTHERN RAILWAY 



3662 



GREAT ORGAN 



Great Lakes. 



Map of the great inland seas of the United States and Canada, important as waterways to the 

 surrounding states and provinces, showing canals open and projected 



The region surrounding the 

 Great Lakes is one of the most pro- 

 ductive in North America, and the 

 cheapness of transport afforded by 

 these waterways has enabled the 

 farming, fruit-growing, and mining 

 industries to be developed on a 

 greater scale. Among the ports 

 served by the lake system are 

 Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit, 

 Buff do, Cleveland, Erie, Toronto, 

 Hamilton, and Kingston. The 

 level of the lakes, which are un- 

 navigable through ice for about 

 five months in the year, is gradually 

 lowering, and to obviate this dams 

 have been built across the outflow 

 channels. See Erie; Huron; Michi- 

 gan ; Ontario ; Superior. 



Great Northern Railway. 

 English railway system. Its main 

 line runs from London to York. 

 Its total mile- 

 age is 1,053, and 

 its capital 

 62,000,000. 

 Among the large 

 towns served by 

 this line are 

 Nottingham, 

 Peterborough, 

 Lincoln, while a 

 branch in Yorkshire runs to Leeds, 

 Wakefield, and other towns of the 

 West Riding. By arrangement with 

 the N.E.R. its trains run as far as 

 Berwick while it has running pow- 

 ers over parts of the G.C.R., and 

 other lines. It is interested in the 



G.N.R. arms 

 Derby, and 



G.N.and G.E. Joint Rly., and it also 

 partners the G.C. The company 

 owns three canals. Its head- 

 quarters are at King's Cross 

 Station, London, N., and its 

 shops at Doncaster. 



The undertaking dates from 

 1846, when two rival lines, the 

 London and York and the Nor- 

 thern were amalgamated as the 

 G.N.R. In 1850 the main line 

 was opened, and from that in sub- 

 sequent years branch lines were 

 made through the populous mid- 

 land counties, into Lincolnshire 

 and into Yorkshire. Of its em- 

 ployees, 1,000 lost their lives in the 

 Great War. It now forms a branch 

 of the London and North -Eastern 

 Rly. See Railways. 



Great Northern Railway. 

 Irish rly. co. Its main lines run 

 from Dublin to Belfast, and to 

 Londonderry, 

 other towns 

 served including 

 Dundalk, Ennis- 

 killeii,Newry,and 

 Drogheda. 1 1 

 total mileage is 

 561, and its capi- 

 tal 9,755,704. Its G.N.R. of Ireland 

 headquarters are arms 



at Amiens Street Station, Dublin, 

 and its works at Dundalk. Its ser- 

 vices connect with the L. & N.W. 

 steamers from Kingstown, Green- 

 ore, and Dublin to Holyhead. The 

 line was incorporated in 1876, being 



an amalgamation of earlier under- 

 takings. These included the Ulster 

 rly., dating from 1839, and the 

 Dublin and Drogheda. 



Great North of Scotland 

 Railway. Scottish railway com- 

 pany. It was incorporated in 1 846, 

 its first line being between Aber- 

 deen and Inverness, but later the 

 western end of 

 this was trans 

 ferred to the 

 Caledonian Rly. 

 A number of 

 smaller lines 

 were taken over, 

 and other lines 



were built be- 

 tween then and 



G.N. of Scotland 

 Railway arms 



1900. The line now runs from 

 Aberdeen to Peterhead and Fraser- 

 burgh; and inland to serve Elgin, 

 Ballater, Huntly, and other places 

 in Aberdeenshire and the neigh- 

 bouring counties. At Elgin it is 

 linked with the Highland Rly. The 

 company maintains a service of 

 motor omnibuses. It is closely con- 

 nected with the Cal. & N.B. Rlys., 

 the three sharing a station at 

 Aberdeen. It owns several hotels, 

 and the headquarters are at 89 

 Guild St., Aberdeen. It is now part 

 of the London and North-Eastern 

 Rly See Railways. 



Great Organ. Manual key- 

 board of an organ which controls 

 the more solid-toned stops. Where 

 there are two manuals, the great 



