GREENH1THE 



Greenheart. Foliage, flower-beads, 



and fruit, with section, of the timber 



tree 



timber is of great strength and 

 durability, and yields planks of 

 great length, while ash-coloured 

 bark (Bibiru-bark) is used medi- 

 cinally in fevers and as a tonic. 



Greenhithe. Parish and village 

 of Kent, England. It is situated 

 on the Thames, m. N.E. of 

 Dartford, on the S.E. & C.R. In 

 the vicinity are numerous chalk 

 pits. Ingress Abbey, to the E., on 

 the site of a grange which belonged 

 to Dartford Priory, is a semi- 

 Gothic mansion built partly of 

 stone from old London Bridge. 

 The church of S. Mary the Virgin 

 dates from 1855. 



Greenhouse. Term applied to 

 structures of wood and glass 

 erected for the protection and pro- 

 pagation of plants unable to under- 

 go the rigours of winter. In Britain, 

 if erected by the tenant of a house, 

 such structures can only be re- 

 moved by -written permission of 

 the landlord, unless they are of a 

 portable nature. A tenant may not 

 fasten any portion of his green- 

 house to the floor by cemented 

 bricks, or to the wall by nails, 

 unless he is willing to lose 'his pro- 

 prietary rights to the structure. 

 Greenhouses are of two kinds, 

 heated and unheated. The latter 

 is technically known as the cool 

 house and the former as the tem- 

 perate house. See Gardening. 



Green Howards. Official name 

 of the Yorkshire Regiment, the 19th 

 of the line. It was given to the 

 regiment because after it was 

 raised it had Sir Charles Howard 

 for its colonel, and the men wore 

 grass-green facings. Long used as 

 a popular name for the regiment, 

 in 1920 it was made the official 

 title. See Yorkshire Regiment. 



Greenland. Large island, mainly 

 within the Arctic Circle, the only 

 colonial possession of Denmark. Its 

 area is about 826,000 sq. m. Lying 

 N.E. of British N. America, its most 

 northerly point, lat. 83 39' N., is 

 about 1,600 m. from its S. extremity 

 in Cape Farewell, lat. 59 45' N. 



3687 



Its extreme breadth is 700 m. 

 The coast is characterised by 

 rugged cliffs, rising sheer from the 

 ocean, with deep and tortuous, 

 fiord-like, glacier- rilled indenta- 

 tions, piercing inland in some cases 

 for nearly 100 m. The principal in- 

 lets are Independence Fiord, Ingle- 

 field Gulf, Disco Bay, Scoresby 

 Sound, Kane Basin, Petermann 

 Fiord, Sherard-Osborn Fiord, and 

 Franz Josef Fiord. The Green- 

 land Sea lies off its E. coast, Den- 

 mark Strait separates it from Ice- 

 land in the S.E., while Davis Strait, 

 Baffin Bay, Smith Sound, and the 

 Kennedy and Robeson Channels 

 divide it from Grant Land, Grin- 

 nell Land, Devon Island, and 

 Baffin Island on the W. 



Nearly the whole of Greenland 

 is an elevated plateau, the mean 

 alt. being 4,500 ft. ; but in places 

 there are eminences approaching 

 10,000 ft. The valleys have been 

 filled in by accumulations of snow, 

 so that its whole area presents a 

 continuous and fairly level ice 

 sheet extending from sea to sea. 

 The largest of the glaciers is the 

 Humboldt in the N.W., reputed to 

 be the largest in the world. It dis- 

 charges into Kane Basin on a 

 front of 55 m. 



Other large glaciers are the 

 (Sh-eat Karaiak,the Jacobshavn,and 

 the Petowik, all on the W. coast. 

 The only ice-free areas are on 

 certain parts of the S.W. and S.E. 

 coasts during the summer months, 

 when Arctic flora appears, with 

 herbs, shrubs, and mosses in the 

 N. and saxifrages, poppies, he^h, 

 anemones, with Arctic birch, a'der, 

 and willow, in the S. 



The climate is extremely cold 

 and foggy in the winter, but during 

 the short summer in the S. the 

 mean tempcraUire is 48 F. 

 Animals are not numerous, being 

 represented by the polar bear, 

 reindeer, musk ox, etc. Birds are 

 more plentiful. The inhabitants 



GREENLAND 



are Eskimos, found N. of Mel- 

 ville Bay, between Cape York 

 and Etah. 



The country is divided into two 

 inspectorates the southern in- 

 spectorate, which touches lat. 67 

 20' N., and the northern, with un- 

 defined N. limits. The principal 

 settlements are Upernivik, the 

 most northerly village in the 

 world ; Godhavn, on the island of 

 Disco, the capital ; Sydproven, 

 Christianshaab, Umanak, Jacobs- 

 havn, Sukkertoppen, Frederiks- 

 haab, Ivigtut, and Julianehaab. 

 The Royal Danish Greenland Co. 

 monopolises the trade of Green- 



~^&P3$$& /%, 



Greenhouse. Span-roof forcing house, suitable for any 

 situation, shown in section 



V courtesy of Boulton & Paul, Ltd., Nonvich 



Greenland. Map of tne Danish 

 colony, most of which lies within 



the Arctic circle 



land, which consists of whale and 

 seal oil, furs, cryolite, and eider- 

 down. There are extensive fishing 

 grounds round the coasts, with cod 

 and haddock as the principal catch. 

 Greenland was discovered and 

 named towards the end of the 10th 

 century by a Norseman, Eric the 

 Red, who planted a colony on 

 the S.W. coast. 

 | His son, Leif Eric- 

 j son, when on a 

 I voyage from Nor- 

 way to Greenland, 

 is supposed to 

 have discovered 

 the mainland of 

 America. Chris- 

 tianity was in- 

 troduced and a 

 bishopric estab- 

 lished in the 12th 

 century. 



Intercourse with 

 Europe was main- 

 tained until the be- 

 ginning of the 15th 

 century, when the 

 increase of the Arc- 

 tic ice completely 



