GREENLAND HILL 



3688 



GREENSAND 



imprisoned the colony and pre- 

 cluded all access. This settlement 

 is said to have extended 200 m. in 

 the S.E. of Greenland, and pos- 

 sessed several churches and monas- 

 teries. Nothing certain is known 

 of the fate of the settlers. 



In 1585 John Davis visited the 

 country, but only found Eskimos, 

 among whom were a few Norse 

 traditions. In 1702 Hans Egede, 

 a Danish missionary, founded 

 Godthaab on the W. coast, and his 

 example has been followed b&. 

 others, so that the population now 

 amounts to 13,449. The largest 

 settlement is Sydproven, with 789 

 inhabitants. During recent years 

 the immense icecap has been 

 crossed by Nansen, Peary, Ras- 

 mussen, De Quervain, and Koch ; 

 and much geographical knowledge 

 of the coast and the neighbouring 

 seas has been obtained. 



Greenland Hill. Name given 

 to high ground 2m. S.E. of Gavr- 

 elle, France, in the dept. of Pas-de- 

 Calais. It was an important tacti- 

 cal point in the German line during 

 the Great War, and fighting took 

 place between the British and 

 Germans for its possession in the 

 third battle of Arras, April-May, 



1917. It was stormed by the 

 British 51st division on Aug. 26, 



1918. See Arras, Battles of. 

 Greenland Sea. Arm of the N. 



Atlantic Ocean, lying N. of lat. 70 

 N., between Greenland on the W., 

 Spitz bergen on the E., and Iceland 

 on the S. Its breadth is about 400 

 m., and its depth varies from 2,550 

 fathoms off Spitz bergen to 1,000 

 fathoms off the W. coast of Jan 

 Mayen. The current from the 

 Arctic Ocean runs down the E. 

 shore of Greenland. 



Greenlaw. Parish and village 

 of Berwickshire, Scotland. It 

 stands on Blackadder Water, 7 m. 

 S.W. of Duns and 62 m. from Edin- 

 burgh. It has a station on theN.B. 

 Rly. Greenlaw was the co. town of 

 Berwickshire until 1853, and was 

 long a centre of the woollen manu- 

 facture, which is still carried on to 

 some extent. Near it is Hume 

 Castle (q.v.). Pop. 550. 



Green Mountains. Northern 

 section of the Appalachian system, 

 U.S.A. The range extends in a N. 

 direction from near the Hudson 

 river in New York through Mas- 

 sachusetts and Vermont. Its 

 general elevation is from 2,000 ft. 

 to 2,500 ft. above sea-level, the 

 highest summits occurring in the N. 

 and centre of Vermont, Mt. Mans- 

 field, 4,364 ft., being the loftiest. 



Part of the range forms the water- 

 shed of the affluents of the Cumber- 

 land river and the streams flowing 

 to the Hudson river and Lake 

 Champlain. Extensive forests of 



pine, spruce, and other trees cover 

 the slopes of the range, which 

 contain rich deposits of iron, 

 marble, manganese, and other 

 minerals. 



Greenock. Municipal and police 

 burgh and seaport of Renfrew- 

 shire, Scotland. It 

 stands on the S.side 

 of the Firth of 

 Clyde, 22 m. from 

 Glasgow, and is 

 served by the Cal. 

 and Glasgow & 

 S.W. Rlys. A ser- 

 vice of electric 

 tramways con- 



Greenock arms 



nects it with Port Glasgow o n the 

 east side and Gourock on the 

 west. 



The chief buildings include the 

 town hall and municipal buildings, 

 the Watt Institution, and Greenock 

 library, and the Custom House. 

 There is a technical college and 

 other colleges and schools ; also 

 several hospitals and other charit- 

 able institutions. The oldest church 

 is a 16th century building. In its 

 churchyard Highland Mary (q.v.) 

 was buried, but in 1920 the ground 

 and site of the . 

 church were taken 

 for an extension 

 of a shipbuilding 

 yard. The parks 

 include Well 

 and Wellington. 

 Along the sea 

 front is a fine 

 esplanade, and the 

 town has golt 

 links. 



The chief indus- 

 tries of Greenock 

 are shipbuilding 

 and shipping. The 

 port has been 

 continuously im- 

 proved since it 

 was first opened in 1710, and has 

 now a large import and export 

 trade. Tourist steamers start from 

 Prince's Pier. There are several 

 harbours, with docks both wet 

 and dry, a great extent of 

 quays and other accessories of a 

 first-class port ; also great ship- 

 building yards. The town is a 

 centre for sugar refining, while en- 

 gines, boilers, and other require- 

 ments of ships, e.g. ropes and sail- 

 cloth, are made, as are textiles, 

 paper, aluminium, etc. Distilling 

 and oil refining are carried on. 

 Greenock became a burgh in 1635, 

 and a flourishing seaport after the 

 union of Scotland with England in 

 1707. Here James Watt was born. 

 It is governed by a corporation 

 that controls the supplies of gas, 

 water, and electric light ; and 

 sends one member to Parliament. 

 Pop. (1921) 81,120. 



Greenockite. Mineral sulphide 

 f cadmium. It crystallises in 

 double six-sided yellow crystals 

 belonging to the hexagonal system, 

 and is found in Renfrewshire and 

 Dumbartonshire, Przibram (Bo- 

 hemia), and Laurium (Greece). 



Greenore. Seaport of co. 

 Louth, Ireland. It stands on the 

 N. side of Carlingford Lough, 2 m. 

 S.E. of Carlingford. It has a rly. 

 station, and the L. & N.W. Rly. 

 has made it the terminus of a 

 service from Holyhead. There is 

 a pier and accommodation for 

 steamers. The L. & N.W. Co. 

 owns a line that runs from here to 

 connexions with the G.N. of Ire- 

 land system. The place, which has 

 golf links, is visited by pleasure- 

 seekers, and a steam ferry goes to 

 Greencastle on the other side of 

 the lough. Pop. 290. 



Green Park. Open space in 

 London. It covers 54 acres between 

 Piccadilly and St. James's Park and 

 Constitution Hill. A favourite re- 

 sort of Charles II, it had a notoriety 

 for duels, the duchess of Cleveland 

 witnessing a combat here in 1696 

 between her lover Fielding and Sir 



nock. View from the harbour, with the quay 

 and the tower of the municipal buildings 



Henry Colt. Queen Caroline'slibrary 

 was in the park, but was pulled down 

 for the purpose of erecting Stafford 

 House. See Air Defences. 



Green Room. Room in a 

 theatre set apart for the social 

 use of actors and actresses, so- 

 called, it is supposed, because 

 green used to be the prevailing 

 colour of its wall-paper, or furni- 

 ture, or of both. See Actor; Theatre. 



Greensand. Two series of beds 

 of sands and sandstones which form 

 the lower part of the Cretaceous 

 system and known as upper and 

 lower. In Kent they are separ 

 ated by a clay development, 

 the Gault. The prevailing green 

 colour is due to grains of glauconite 

 scattered through the beds. Lower 

 Greensand is well developed in the 

 Isle of Wight, where the beds are 

 100 ft. thick, and S.W. of England, 

 and forms a rim round north, west, 



