GREENSBORO 



3689 



GREENWICH 



and south of the Weald. At Leith 

 Hill, Surrey, they reach an eleva- 

 tion of 965 ft. The thickness and 

 character of the beds are variable. 

 Greensand makes good building 

 stone, as characterised by Bargate 

 stone, near Reigate, and Kentish 

 Rag, near Maidstone. The beds 

 extend from Wiltshire through to 

 Cambridgeshire, often as yellow 

 and brown sands, with ironstone. 

 Upper Greensand is quite distinct 

 from Lower Greensand in its 

 fossil contents. See Gault. 



Greensboro. City of North 

 Carolina, U.S.A., the co. seat of 

 Guilford co. It is 80 m. W.N.W. 

 of Raleigh, and is served by the 

 Southern Rly. It contains several 

 educational institutions, including 

 Greensboro Female College, the 

 State Normal and Industrial Col- 

 lege for Women, and Bennett Col- 

 lege and the State Agricultural- 

 and Mechanical College, both for 

 negroes. Other buildings are the 

 Carnegie public library, an audi- 

 torium, and several hospitals. 



A large trade in tobacco, maize, 

 cotton, and lumber is carried on, 

 and there are manufacturing 

 plants for cotton goods, machinery, 

 handles and spokes, fertilisers, car- 

 pets, cigars, and flour. Greens- 

 boro was founded in 1808, and 

 received a city charter in 1870. 

 Pop. 18,400. 



Greensburg. Borough of Penn- 

 sylvania, U.S.A., the co. seat of 

 Westmoreland co. It is 31 m. E. 

 by S. of Pittsburg, and is served by 

 t.he Pennsylvania Rly. Among 

 several educational institutions 

 are St. Joseph's Academy and St. 

 Mary's Academy, both for Roman 

 Catholics. It trades largely in the 

 local coal, and manufactures iron 

 and brassware, glass, lumber pro- 

 ducts, engines, nuts, bolts, flour, and 

 bricks. Greensburg was settled in 

 1784, and was incorporated fifteen 

 years later. Pop. 13,000. 



Greenshank(2Wemw,s canescerw). 

 Wading bird of the snipe family, so 

 called from its olive legs. It visits 

 Great Britain in autumn and 

 winter, and is most common in the 

 N. of Scotland, where it is usually 

 found by the shore, feeding on 

 small crustaceans and molluscs. 



Greenstone. Name given to 

 certain granular crystalline rocks 

 consisting of felspar with augite, 

 hornblende, or hypersthene. The 

 latter three give it its characteristic 

 and greenish colour. See Dolerite. 



Greenville. City of S. Carolina, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of Greenville co. 

 It stands on the Reedy river, 160 m. 

 N.E. of Atlanta, and is served by 

 the Southern and other rlys. It is 

 an educational centre, and contains 

 the Furman University, Granville 

 Female College, Chicora College, and 



the Ursuline Academy. The indus- 

 tries include iron-founding, bleach- 

 ing, and the manufacture of wagons, 

 carriages, cotton, and fertilisers. 

 Settled in 1776, it was incorporated 

 in 1831, and became a city in 1868. 

 Pop. 17,400. 



Greenwell, DORA (1821-82). 

 British essayist. She was born at 

 Greenwell Ford, Durham, Dec. 6, 

 1821, and died March 29, 1882. 

 Her work, while individual, has 

 much in common with that of 

 Christina Rossetti. Marked by 

 deep religious feeling, it touches 

 ancient myths and medieval le- 

 gends ; it caught from Greek ex- 

 emplars a love of beauty, a flair 

 for the simple but subtly expressive 

 word, an acute sense of the enigma 

 of life ; and its musical quality 

 bespeaks the author's love of 

 German lyric and Provencal and 

 Italian rhyme. 



In Carmina Crucis, 1869, her 

 treatment of the story of Perse- 

 phone is typical ; in the poem Poet 

 and Painter (Lucretius and Leon- 

 ardo da Vinci) she contrasts differ- 

 ing forms of unbelief; in Camera 

 Obscura, 1876, the poem Between 

 Two Worlds embodies a vision of 

 the passing dead in terza rima of 

 haunting impressiveness. She 

 touched the heroic in her Song of 

 Roland, The Battle Flag of Sigurd, 

 and The Flaming Oar Her prose 

 work included memoirs of Lacord- 

 aire, 1868, and John Woolman, 1871; 

 The Patience of Hope, 1860; Essays, 

 1866; and Colloquia Crucis, 1871. 

 See Memoirs, W. Dorling, 1885. 



Greenwich. Parl. and mun. 

 bor. of London. It is on the right 

 bank of the Thames, 6 m, from 

 London on the 

 S.E. & C.R., is 

 connected with 

 the Isle of Dogs 

 (q.v.) by a tun- 

 nel, opened in 

 1902, for foot 

 passengers (sta- 

 tion, N. Green- 

 Greenwich arms w i c h, on the 

 G.E.R.), and by the Blackwall 



Tunnel (g.v.) with Blackwall. 

 There is 'bus and tram communi- 

 cation with the city. The bor. is 

 bounded W. by Deptford, S. by 

 Lewisham, and E.. by Woolwich. 

 Sixth in size of the London bors., 

 its principal buildings are Green- 

 wich Hospital, Naval College, and 

 Observatory, described separately ; 

 the Herbert and Brook Fever Hos- 

 pitals, the parish church, and 

 several almshouses. Its open spaces 

 include the park, 185 acres ; Black- 

 heath, 267 acres ; and part of Wool- 

 wich Common. There are telegraph, 

 engineering, and chemical works. 

 Notable inns are the Trafalgar, 

 the Ship, and the Crown and 

 Sceptre. The ministerial " white- 

 bait dinners" were held at Green- 

 wich, 1864-68, 1874-80, and 1894, 

 latterly at the Ship. 



Once a Danish encampment, 

 Greenwich was originally, and for 

 centuries, a small fishing town. 

 The manor, once the property of 

 the abbey of S. Peter, at Ghent, 

 was transferred to the Carthusian 

 priory at Sheen, and was later given 

 to Humphrey, duke, of Gloucester, 

 who enclosed a park of 200 acres, 

 rebuilt the palace on part of the 

 site now occupied by Greenwich 

 Hospital, and erected a tower, 

 Greenwich Castle, on the hill where 

 the Observatory stands. Henry 

 VIII, who was born and baptized 

 at Greenwich, here married Cath- 

 erine of Aragon. Queen Mary and 

 Queen Elizabeth were born and 

 Edward VI died here. James I 

 settled palace and park on his wife- 

 Anne of Denmark. Charles I lived 

 at Greenwich until the outbreak of 

 the Civil War ; Cromwell resided 

 here, and at the Restoration the 

 place once again reverted to the 

 Crown. The palace was partly re- 

 built, and formed the nucleus of 

 the hospital. 



The parish church, dedicated to 

 S. Alphege, who was martyred here 

 by the Danes in 1012, wa"s rebuilt 

 in 1718, and contains monuments to 

 Wolfe and Tallis. Lavinia Fenton, 

 duchess of Bolton, was buried in 

 the churchyard in 

 JH 1760. Dr. John- 

 iji! son lived in 

 ^^ Church Street in 

 1737. Down to 

 1857, two fairs, 

 notable for their 

 boisterous char- 

 acter, and de- 

 scribed by both 

 Dickens and 

 Thackeray, were 

 held annually at 

 Easter and Whit- 

 sun. One member 

 is returned to 



Greenwich. Entrance to Royal Hospital school, where 

 sons of sailors and marines are trained 



~ 

 100,493. 



