GREVILLE 



but on returning to Paris he re- 

 sumed his work in genre. In 

 1769 he submitted his Severus 

 Reproaching Caracalla, a poor pro- 

 duction in what was meant to be 

 the historical mode, and though the 

 Academy now admitted him, he was 

 only classed with painters of genre. 

 He suffered heavy pecuniary 

 losses during the Revolution, and 

 with the Directorate a complete 

 change in the prevailing taste for 

 art took place. But the naive 

 simplicity of his most charming 

 pictures, sustained by accurate 

 drawing and careful colouring, and 

 tenderly painted, has outstayed 

 the tawdry theatricality of the 

 Neo-Classicists, and often his works 

 command enormous prices, while 

 those of his deriders seldom find a 

 purchaser. He died in poverty in 

 Paris, March 21, 1805. 



Greville, CHARLES CAVENDISH 

 FULKE (1794-1865). British 

 diarist. Bora April 2, 1794, he was 

 a member of 

 the family of 

 the earl of 

 Warwick, and 

 a grandson, 

 through his 

 mother, of the 

 duke of Port- 

 1 a n d. Edu- 

 cated at 

 Eton and 

 Christ 

 Church, Ox- 

 ford, his con- 

 nexions s e- 

 cured for him the position of secre- 

 tary of Jamaica, a non-resident 

 sinecure. In 1821 he became also 

 clerk of the privy council, and 

 there he remained until 1859. He 

 kept a diary throughout his official 

 career, this containing some very 

 valuable material. The first part 

 of it was published in 1875, a pre- 

 face being contributed by his friend 

 Harry Reeve. The whole, known as 

 The Greville Memoirs, appeared in 

 seven volumes between that date 

 and 1887. Greville's comments on 

 royal personages are remarkably 

 frank, so much so that some 

 passages in the first volumes were 

 suppressed. He died Jan. 18, 1865. 

 Greville's brother Harry (1801-72) 

 also kept a diary, of which Leaves 

 appeared in 1882-84. 



Grevillers. Village of France, 

 in the dept. of Pas -de -Calais. It lies 

 on the Albert-Bapaume road 1^ m. 

 S.W. of the latter, and just N.E. of 

 Loupart Wood (q. v. ). It was taken 

 by the British on March 13, 1917. 

 Retaken by the Germans in their 

 offensive of March, 1918, it was re- 

 captured by the British during 

 the advance in Aug., 1918. See 

 Ancre, Battle of ; Somme, Battle 

 of the. 



F. P. J. Grevy, 

 French president 



37O1 



FRANCOIS PAUL JULES 

 ( 1 807-91 ). President of the French 

 Republic, 1879-87. Born at Mont- 

 sous - Vaudrey, 

 Jura, Aug. 15, 

 1807, he was a 

 strong repub- 

 lican while a 

 law student in 

 Paris. After 

 the revolution 

 of 1848 he was 

 elected deputy 

 in the con- 

 stituent assem- 

 bty, sitting also in the legislative 

 assembly, 1849-51, when, opposed 

 to the coup d'etat of Napoleon III, 

 he returned to the bar. Under the 

 third republic, he was president of 

 the national assembly, 1871-73, and 

 of the chamber of deputies, 1876-79. 

 Grevy succeeded MacMahon as 

 president of the republic, Jan. 30, 

 1879. Although his signature of 

 peace with China, June, 1885, made 

 an inconclusive end to French diffi- 

 culties in Tongking, and in home 

 affairs his record lacked any 

 striking distinction, he was re-elec- 

 ted for a further seven years, Dec., 

 1885. But his reputation was 

 severely damaged by revelations of 

 his son-in-law's (Daniel Wilson) 

 trafficking in honours and offices, 

 and he resigned Dec. 2, 1887. He 

 died at his birthplace, Sept. 9, 1891. 

 Grew, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712). 

 English botanist. The son of a 

 clergyman at Coventry, he was 

 educated at Cambridge, but took 

 his degree as a doctor of medicine 

 at Leiden. In 1672 he began to 

 practise in London, and soon had a 

 large connexion, but his best work 

 was done as a student of botany. 

 His researches were embodied in 

 his Anatomy of Vegetables, begun 

 1672, and his Anatomy of Plants, 

 1684, and to him and Malpighi are 

 due the foundations of our know- 

 ledge of plant anatomy. He was 

 secretary of the Royal Society from 

 1677 until his death, March 25, 

 1712. A genus of trees, Grewia, is 

 named after him. 



Grey OR GRAY. Colour prepared 

 by mixing black and white pig- 

 ments so that neither colour pre- 

 dominates. Grey bark is a variety 

 of cinchona bark which has a sil- 

 very-grey lichen growing upon the 

 outer surface. 



Grey, EARL. British title borne 

 by the family of Grey since 1806. 

 The family had long been living in 

 Northumberland when, in 1746, 

 Henry Grey was made a baronet. 

 His eldest son succeeded to the 

 baronetcy, but a younger son, 

 Charles (1729-1807), was more 

 distinguished. He served in the 

 army, being wounded at Minden, 

 and fought with distinction in the 



GREY 



War of American Independence. 

 He was made a general and was 

 knighted. In 1801 he was created 

 Baron Grey, and in 1806 an earl. 

 From him the later earls are de- 

 scended, as is also Viscount Grey of 

 Fallodon. The earl's seat is Howick 

 House, Lesbury, and his eldest son 

 is known as Viscount Howick. 



Grey, CHARLES GREY, 2jsro EARL 

 (1764-1845). British statesman. 

 Born at Fallodon, Northumberland, 

 Mar. 10, 1764, 

 he was the 

 eldest son of 

 the soldier 

 who became 

 the 1st Earl 

 Grey. Edu- 

 cated at Eton 

 and Kin g's 

 College, Cam- 

 bridge, he 

 entered Par- 

 liament in 

 1786 as M.P. 



V 



After Lawrenct 



for Northumberland and soon as- 

 sociated himself with Fox and the 

 Whigs. His first experience of 

 office was in the coalition ministry 

 of 1806-7, in which he was first 

 lord of the admiralty and then 

 foreign secretary. 



The successor of Fox as the 

 leader of the Whigs, Grey, who in 

 1807 succeeded to his father's 

 title, did not greatly distinguish 

 himself in opposition during the 

 long period of Tory ascendancy 

 that ended in 1830. However, when 

 the Whigs were returned to power 

 in 1830, his dignified presence, his 

 stately eloquence, his unblemished 

 character, and his parliamentary 

 experience marked him out as the 

 only possible premier. His ministry 

 was responsible for the great Reform 

 Act ; Grey conducted the negotia- 

 tions with the king, and after 

 handing in his resignation secured 

 the promise that forced the mea- 

 sure through the House of Lords. 

 He remained in office when the re- 

 formed parliament met, but serious 

 differences in the ministry led to his 

 resignation in July, 1834. He died 

 at Howick, July 17, 1845. The 

 correspondence between Grey and 

 William IV over the Reform Bill 

 was edited by his son, the 3rd earl, 

 1867. See also Lord Grey of the 

 Reform Bill, G. M. Trevelyan, 1920. 



Grey, HENRY GEORGE GREY,SRD 

 EARL ( 1 802-94 ). British politician. 

 The eldest son of the 2nd earl, he 

 was bom Dec. 28, 1802. Educated 

 at Eton and Trinity College, Cam- 

 bridge, he entered Parliament in 

 1826, and in 1830 became under- 

 secretary for the colonies in his 

 father's ministry From 1835-39 

 he was secretary for war, and in 

 1846 he became colonial secretary, 

 retaining that post until 1852. 



