GRIM'S DYKES 



3708 



GR1NDELWALD 



m. 



Grimsby, Lincolnshire. The Royal Dock and Hydraulic 

 Tower, 300 ft. in height 



grammar school, and a large fish 

 market. There is a free library, 

 technical school, and benevolent 

 institution for seamen ; also public 

 gardens. The principal industry is 

 fishing, herring being the chief 

 catch. In 1919 over 150,000 tons 

 of fish, worth nearly 7,000,000, 

 were landed, and the port has over 

 800 steam trawlers, being probably 

 the largest fishing centre in the 

 world. It has an import and ex- 

 port trade, especially in coal, ma- 

 chinery, timber, grain, iron, and 

 butter. Other industries include 

 shipbuilding, tanning, brewing, 

 and rope-making, while there are 

 flax and bone -crushing mills. 



Grimsby was a Danish settle- 

 ment and became a borough soon 

 after the Norman Conquest. It was 

 soon a flourishing port, but after 

 a time entrance to it was made 

 difficult by the accumulation of 

 sand. This, however, was over- 

 come, and in the 19th century it 

 was a fishing centre, its prosperity 

 increasing rapidly. Docks were 

 built, a great extension being made 

 by the Manchester, Sheffield and 

 Lincolnshire Rly. between 1849-54. 

 Further extensions followed until 

 there were docks of every kind, 

 with ample quays, etc. During the 

 Great War the trawlers and fisher- 

 men were employed in mine sweep- 

 ing and the like. It is called Great 

 Grimsby to distinguish it from 

 Little Grimsby, a village 4 m. 

 from Louth. Market days, Mon. 

 and Fri. Pop. 83,000. 



Grim's Dykes. Folk-name for 

 several prehistoric entrenchments 

 in Great Britain. There are ex- 

 amples at Berkhampstead, Herts ; 

 Wealdstone, Middlesex ; and 

 Down ton, Wilts. Like Devil's 

 Dykes (q.v.), the name indicates 

 their mysterious origin ; both are 

 used of that from Mongewell to 

 Henley, Oxon, 10 m. long ; and of 

 others at Princes Risborough, 

 Bucks, and in Dorset. It is vari- 

 ously spelled Grime's, Graeme's, and 

 Graham's. See Antonine's Wall. 



Grimsel.Moun- 



tain pass of Swit- 

 zerland, in the 

 Bernese Alps. It 

 leads from the 

 valley of the Aar, 

 in the canton of 

 Bern, to that of 

 the Rhone in 

 V a 1 a i s, and 

 reaches an alt. of 

 7.100 ft. From 

 Meiringen the 

 carriage road 

 leads past Han- 

 degg, joining the 

 Furka route W. 

 of the Rhone 

 glacier. There is 

 an old hospice near theGrimsel lake, 

 and farther on is the Todtensee or 

 Lake of the Dead. 



Grimspound. Prehistoric strong- 

 hold on Dartmoor, Devonshire. 

 Having an area of four acres, con- 

 taining the remains of 24 Bronze - 

 age hut-circles, it is enclosed by 

 two irregularly oval walls of coursed 

 granite, 3 ft. 6 ins. apart, 530 yds. 

 long, and originally 8 ft. high, with 

 three entrances. They served to 

 defend the village flocks and herds 

 against animal and human foes. 



Grimthorpe, EDMUND BECKETT, 

 IST BARON (1816-1905). British 

 lawyer. Born May 12, 1816, a son 

 of Sir Edmund 

 Beckett Deni- 

 son, whose 

 surname he 

 dropped on 

 inheriting the 

 baronetcy, he 

 was educated 

 at Eton and 

 Trinity Col- 

 lege, Cam- 

 bridge. Called 

 to the bar at 



Lincoln's Inn in 1841, he became 

 Q.C., 1854, and was chancellor 

 and vicar-general of the province 

 of York from 1877-1900. A 

 leader of the parlia 

 a vigorous con- 

 troversialist i n 

 ecclesiastical and 

 architectural 

 matters, as shown 

 in the restora- 

 tion of S. Al ban's 

 Abbey carried out 

 under his sole 

 direction and at 

 his expense, the 

 term "Grim- 

 thorping" was 

 applied to any 

 ruthless restora- 

 tion of ancient 

 cathedrals. He 

 died at St. Al- 

 bans, April 29. 

 1905. 



1st Baron Grim- 

 thorpe, 

 British lawyer 



Grindal, EDMUND (c. 1520-83). 

 English prelate. The son of a far- 

 mer, he was born at St. Bees and 

 was educated ^^^^^^^^^ -- 

 at Cambridge. 

 Ordained in 

 1544, he be- 

 came known as 

 a religious re- 

 former. Ridley 

 secured pro- 

 motion for 

 him, one post 

 being that of 

 c h a p 1 ai n to 

 Edward VI, 

 but on the king's death he 



Edmund Grindal, 

 English prelate 



AflcrDe Vo 



left 



England for Frankfort. He re- 

 turned in 1559, Mary by then 

 being dead, and was made master 

 of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. In 

 1559, too, he was consecrated 

 bishop of London, in succession to 

 Bonner. 



As bishop, Grindal showed little 

 desire to punish Nonconformists, 

 and is usually regarded as a 

 weak ruler of his diocese, which 

 he left in 1570 to become arch- 

 bishop of York, where again he 

 was less zealous than the ex- 

 tremists liked. In 1575 he was 

 chosen archbishop of Canterbury, 

 where he was strong enough to 

 refuse to obey Elizabeth when she 

 ordered him to suppress the pro- 

 phesyings or meetings of Puritan 

 clergy. He was therefore sus- 

 pended as regards the non-spiritual 

 duties of his office, and was not 

 restored to these until 1582. 

 Grindal died in his palace at Croy- 

 don, July 6, 1583. He is buried in 

 the parish church at Croydon. 



Grindelwald. Valley of central 

 Switzerland, in the Bernese Ober- 

 land. It is 13 m. long by 4 m. broad, 

 and its station is 11 m. S.E. of 

 Interlaken. The Black Liitschine 

 river flows through the valley, 

 which is enclosed by the peaks of 

 the Wetterhorn, Schreckhorn, Met- 

 tenberg Eiger, and Faulhorn. Two 

 descend almost to the river. 



Grindelwald. The Bernese valley, looking east towards 

 the Wetterhorn 



