GROSSULAR 



37 15 



GROTEFEND 



B. W. Findon, 1920 ; and in 1913 

 published his reminiscences, From 

 Studio to Stage. He died June 

 14, 1919. 



Grossular. Variety of garnet, 

 chemically a calcium aluminium 

 silicate. It crystallises in a cubic 

 system, and is green, red, or colour- 

 less. It is a characteristic of meta- 

 morphic limestones, as in Tirol, and 

 also occurs in ejected blocks from 

 Vesuvius. See Crystallography. 



Grossulariaceae. Natural order 

 of (often) spiny shrubs. They 

 are natives of the N. temperate 

 regions and the Andes, of which the 

 gooseberry and currant are well- 

 known examples. They have al- 

 ternate leaves, and tubular or bell- 

 shaped flowers, the calyx being the 

 conspicuous part owing to the mi- 

 nute size of the petals. The fruit 

 is a berry filled with juicy pulp 

 surrounding the seeds. 



Gross-Venediger. Mt. mass of 

 the Noric Alps, in the HoheTauern, 

 on the borders of Tirol and Salzburg. 

 It lies between the 

 Gross G 1 o c k e r 

 and the Drei 

 Herrn Spitze, and 

 reaches an alt. of 

 12,010 ft. The 

 Klein - Venediger, 

 adjoining, attains 

 11,420ft. 



Grosvenor. 

 Name of a family 

 that holds three 

 British peerages. 

 The earliest Gros- 

 venors were found 

 in Cheshire in 

 the 12th century. 

 One of them who 

 lived at Eaton, 

 near Chester, was made a baronet 

 in 1622, and was the ancestor of 

 Sir Richard Grosvenor, made Earl 

 Grosvenor in 1784. The earl's 

 descendants became marquesses 

 and then dukes of Westminster. 

 The second peerage is the barony 

 of Ebury, conferred in 1857 on 

 Lord Robert Grosvenor, a son of 

 the 1st marquess of Westminster. 

 The third, the barony of Stal- 

 bridge, was bestowed in 1886 on 

 Lord Richard Grosvenor, a son of 

 the 2nd marquess. He was chief 

 Liberal whip 1880-85, and for many 

 years chairman of the L. & N.W. 

 Rly. He had extensive estates in 

 Dorset, but in 1918 these, which in- 

 cluded the towns of Shaf tesbury and 

 Stalbridge,were sold by his descend- 

 ant. See Westminster, Duke of. 



Grosvenor Gallery, THE. Pic- 

 ture gallery founded in London in 

 1877 by Sir Coutts Lindsay of 

 Balcarres (1824-1913), a painter of 

 considerable talent. The object of 

 the gallery was the annual exhibi- 

 tion (by invitation) of pictures by 



artists who were supposed, rightly 

 or wrongly, not to enjoy the favour 

 of the R.A., and the type of 

 pictures exhibited at the gallery 

 incurred some ridicule, expressed 

 by W. S. Gilbert in Patience (1881) 

 when he sang of "the greenery - 

 yallery, Grosvenor- Gallery, foot-in- 

 the-grave-young-man." In 1888 the 

 gallery enlarged its utilities and 

 was made available for social func- 

 tions. This led to a secession of 

 artists who established the New 

 Gallery. The Grosvenor Galleries 

 in New Bond Street were opened 

 as a mart for the works of living 

 artists in 1912. 



Grosvenor House. Former 

 London home of the duke of West- 

 minster. It is on the S. side of 

 Upper Grosvenor Street, having a 

 fine exterior colonnade, erected in 

 1842. The house was built for the 

 duke of Gloucester, brother of 

 George III, and here died the duke 

 of Cumberland, of Culloden fame. 

 In its western wing is a superb col- 



Grosvenor House. Colonnade and entrance of the tormer 

 London residence of the duke of Westminster 



lection of pictures, including gems 

 by Rubens and Rembrandt, and 

 other Dutch, Flemish, British, and 

 Italian painters. During -the Great 

 VVar, it was headquarters of the 

 ministry of food. It was bought by 

 Viscount Leverhulme, 1924. 



Grosvenor Square. One of the 

 great squares of London. It is 

 approached from Park Lane by 

 Upper Brook Street and Upper 

 Grosvenor Street, Mayfair. About 

 six acres in area, it was laid out by 

 William Kent for Sir Richard 

 Grosvenor (d. 1732) in 1695, and 

 completed in 1725. The central 

 gardens occupy the site of Oliver's 

 Mount whence the adjacent 

 Mount Street takes its name a 

 redoubt thrown up by the citizens 

 in 1643 on the approach of 

 Charles I after Edgehill. 



Since the middle of the 18th 

 century a fashionable quarter, the 

 square was not lighted by gas until 

 1839. One of its early residents was 

 the 4th earl of Chesterfield, at 

 whose house Dr. Johnson was kept 



waiting in an anteroom. At No. 22 

 William Beckford entertained 

 Nelson; at No. 23 the 12th earl of 

 Derby was married to Elizabeth 

 Farren the actress ; at No. 6 

 Joseph Neeld, M.P., formed his 

 collection of pictures. No. 39 

 (now 44 ) was a meeting place of the 

 Cato Street conspirators. Lord 

 Chancellor Hardwicke, Lord Rock- 

 ingham, Lord North, Henry Thrale, 

 John Wilkes, Lord Stratford de 

 Redcliffe, Bulwer Lytton, the 

 philanthropic earl of Shaftesbury, 

 Dr. Pusey, and J. Pierpont Morgan 

 were among other residents. 



Grote, GEORGE (1794-1871). 

 British historian. Born at Becken- 

 ham, Kent, Nov. 17, 1794, and 

 educated at the 

 Charterhouse, 

 at 16 he entered 

 his father's 

 bank. He con- 

 tinued his 

 studies despite 

 the discour- 

 agement of his 

 father, and 

 read widely in 

 the classics and 

 economics and 



p h i 1 o s o p hy. 

 His father was 



Was After S. P. Denning 



also opposed to his union with Miss 

 Harriet Lewin, whom he married 

 in 1820. In addition to his work 

 at the bank, with which he was 

 associated for over 30 years, and 

 his literary pursuits, Grote also 

 entered politics, becoming member 

 for the City of London in 1832, and 

 was much interested in the pro- 

 motion of the university of London. 



Among his friends were the 

 Mills, father and son, Brougham, 

 Ricardo, and Bain. In 1843 he 

 retired from the bank and devoted 

 his leisure to the completion of his 

 History of Greece, first projected in 

 1822. Though written as a vindi- 

 cation of democracy, the history, 

 completed in 1856, remains a monu- 

 ment of research and sound his- 

 torical judgement, enriched by pas- 

 sages of great eloquence. Among 

 other important works of Grote are 

 one on Plato and the other com- 

 panions of Socrates, 1865, and 

 another (unfinished) on Aristotle, 

 1872. Grote died June 18, 1871, and 

 was buried in Westminster Abbey. 



Grotefend, GEORG FRIEDRICH 

 (1775-1853). German archaeolo- 

 gist. Born at Miinden, Hanover, 

 June 9, 1775, he became succes- 

 sively professor at Gottingen, 

 1797, Frankfort, 1803, and Hanover, 

 1821. He was chiefly known as a 

 Latin and Italian philologist until 

 he won lasting fame by his deci- 

 pherment of the Babylonian 

 cuneiform inscriptions. He died 

 Dec. 15, 1853. 



