GROUP SYSTEM 



GROVE CELL 



was due to the 

 Son, n dinav ian 

 mathematician 

 Sophus Lie, whose [ 

 investigations on 

 this subject were N 

 published 1888- 

 93. See Theory 15^ 

 of Groups of 1 

 Finite Order, W. RR.. 

 B u r n s i d e, 2nd I ; 

 ed. 1911. 



Group Sys- I 

 tern. British re- 

 cruiting scheme in p 

 the Great War. P 

 Under the scheme y 

 instituted by 

 Lord Derby in Oct., 1915, the male 

 population was divided into 46 

 groups, the single men in the first 

 23 groups according to their ages, 

 from 18 to 40, and married men in 

 groups 24-^6. The intention was 

 to call up the groups in turn as they 

 were required. This was the last 

 effort to increase the army by 

 voluntary recruiting, and its failure 

 to supply the enormous number of 

 men required led to the passing of 

 the Military Service Acts in 1916. 

 See Army, British ; Compulsory 

 Service ; Derby Scheme. 



Grouse. Name applied by zo- 

 ologists to all the members of the 

 family of game birds known as 

 Tetraonidae, which includes more 

 than 30 species ; but popularly 

 used in a more restricted sense. 

 Four species of grouse occur in the 

 N. of Great Britain. The ptarmi- 

 gan, which turns white in winter, is 

 found only in the wilder districts of 

 Scotland ; the blackcock, the fe- 

 male of which is known as the grey 

 hen, is much larger, and is said still 

 to occur in the S.W. of England as 

 well as in Scotland ; the caper- 

 cailzie, the largest of all, became 

 extinct in Great Britain in the 18th 

 century, but was reintroduced in 

 1837 and is now fairly plentiful in 

 Forf ar, Perth, and Stirling ; the red 

 grouse, or moor cock, is by far the 

 most plentiful, and the bird com- 

 monly implied when speaking 

 of grouse. 



The red grouse (Lagopus scoticus), 

 which measures about 15 ins. in 

 length and weighs from 20 oz. 

 to 30 oz., is found only in the 

 British Isles, and is one of the 



very few species that are exclu- 

 sively British. On the continent 11 

 of Europe, and in Asia and N. 

 America, it is represented by the 

 very similar willow grouse, and 

 some authorities regard the two as 

 varieties of the same species. But 

 /the willow grouse turns white in 

 winter, which the red grouse never 

 does ; its note is somewhat differ- 

 ent ; and its food and habits are not 



the same. Anatomically the two 

 birds are identical ; the only differ- 

 ence in the summer plumage is that 

 the willow grouse is rather lighter 

 in tone and has white wing quills. 



Grouse are found on the moors 

 throughout Scotland and the sur- 

 rounding islands, except the Shet- 

 lands, in the northern counties of 

 England, in some parts of Wales, 

 and thinly throughout Ireland. The 

 birds nest in March on the ground, 

 usually in the shelter of a tuft of 

 heather or other herbage, and the 

 number of eggs varies from six to 

 fourteen. In colour they are usu- 

 ally reddish-yellow, blotched with 

 brown, but they vary greatly. Un- 

 like many game birds, the grouse is 

 monogamous. The food consists 

 mainly of the young shoots of the 

 heather, but grubs and insects are 

 also eaten. 



In colour grouse vary consider- 

 ably. Sometimes, but rarely, the 

 plumage is entirely black ; usually 

 a reddish chestnut is the prevailing 

 hue ; while in some districts the 

 plumage is not uncommonly 

 spotted with white on the breast 

 and underparts. The colour varies 

 after the moults. The hen moults in 

 spring and autumn, the cock in 

 autumn and winter. See Black- 

 Dock ; Egg ; Ptarmigan. 



GROUSE SHOOTING. The two 

 legitimate methods of killing 

 grouse are by shooting them over 

 dogs, and driving the birds to the 

 guns by the aid of beaters. The ad- 

 vantages of the latter method, 

 which is now most in favour, are 

 that the guns can be stationed at 

 fixed positions, and that the fact of 



the birds being driven gives a 

 greater chance of the older and 

 stronger birds being killed first. 

 Though never reared and fed arti- 

 ficially like the pheasant, grouse 

 are carefully preserved on the 

 moors and need considerable atten- 

 tion, as wet seasons, overcrowding, 

 and epidemic diseases are very apt 

 to reduce their numbers. The 

 shooting season in Great Britain for 

 grouse extends from Aug. 12 till 

 Dec. 10. See Sporting Gun ; con- 

 sult The Grouse in Health and 

 Disease, 2 vols., 1912 ed. ; Oke's 

 Game Laws, L. Mead, 5th ed. 1912. 

 Grove, SIB COLERIDGE (1839- 

 1920). British soldier. The son of 

 W. R. Grove, a judge, he was born 

 at Wandsworth and educated at 

 Balliol College, Oxford. He joined 

 the 15th Foot in 1863. He served in 

 Egypt in 1882-85, but made his 

 ^putation on the administrative 

 de. From 1888-94 he was assis- 



Grouse. 1. Red grouse. 2. Ruffed 

 grouse, cock and ben. 3. Ptar- 

 migan in summer plumage 



tant adjutant-general and from 

 1896 to 1901, when he was knighted, 

 he was military secretary at the 

 war office. He died May 17, 

 1920. 



Grove, SIR GEORGE (1820-1900). 

 British writer on music. Born at 

 Clapham, Aug. 13, 1820, he was 

 educated as a 

 civil engineer. 

 His main inter- 

 ests, however, 

 were in music, 

 and in 1883 he 

 became the 

 first director of 

 the new Royal 

 College of Mu- 

 sic and was 

 knighted. He 

 was editor of Macmillan's Maga- 

 zine, 1868-83, edited the first edi- 

 tion of the Dictionary of Music and 

 Musicians, and wrote articles on 

 music. Grove, who died May 28, 

 1900, was at one time secretary of 

 the Society of Arts. See Life, C. L. 

 Graves, 1904. 



Grove Cell. Primary electric 

 cell very similar to the Bunsen cell 

 and possessing the same character- 

 istics. The Grove differs from the 

 Bunsen cell in that a sheet of plati- 

 num, bent to an S form hi plan, 



Sir George Grove, 

 British writer 



