GUADALCAZAR 



3721 



GUALDO TADINO 



Guadalcazar. Town of Mexico, 

 in the state of San Luis Potosi. It 

 is situated 45 m. N.E. of the city of 

 San Luis Potosi, in the vicinity of 

 quicksilver mines. Pop. 7,500. 



Guadalquivir (Arab. Wad-al- 

 Icebir, great river). River of S. 

 Spain, the ancient Baetis. It rises 

 by various headstreams in the mts. 

 in the E. of the prov. of Jaen, and 

 flows first N.E., then in a W. and 

 S.W. direction, emptying into the 

 Atlantic about 20 m. N. of Cadiz. 

 Its length is 360 m. Second only to 

 the Ebro in importance, it waters, 

 with its tributaries, most of Anda- 

 lusia. It flows with a full stream all 

 the year round, being fed in sum- 

 mer by the melted snow from the 

 mountains and by heavy rains in 

 winter. The tide is perceptible as 

 far as Seville, which can be reached 

 by vessels up to 1.000 tons, a dis- 

 tance of 70 m., while Cordova can 

 be reached by small craft. 



Principal tributaries are the 

 Genii, Guadiana Menor, and the 

 Guadajoz on the left bank, and the 

 Guadalimar and the Jandula on 

 the right. Near its mouth the sur- 

 rounding district, called Las Maris- 

 mas, is marshy, caused by the river 

 overflowing its banks, and, before 

 Seville is reached upstream, it 

 branches, forming the islands 

 of Isla Mayor and Isla Menor. 

 The drainage area is computed at 

 2,900 sq. m. See Cordova. 



Guadalupe. River of Texas, 

 U.S.A. Rising in the S. of Kerr co., 

 it flows E. and S. by E. and bifur- 

 cates about 20 m. from its mouth, 

 one branch joining the San Antonio 

 river and the other flowing into San 

 Antonio Bay, an arm of the Gulf 

 of Mexico. Its length is 250 m. 



Guadalupe Hidalgo. Village 

 of Mexico, about 3 m. N. of the 

 city of Mexico. It has a collegiate 

 church, and a shrine resorted to by 



Eilgrims. By a treaty concluded 

 ere Feb. 2, 1848, Mexico ceded 

 New Mexico and Upper California 

 to the U.S.A. and agreed to the Rio 

 Grande as the boundary line. 



Guadarrama, SIERRA DE. Moun- 

 tain range of North-Central Spain. 

 From the W. the mountains tra- 

 verse the centre of the prov. of 

 Avila and then mark the frontier 

 between the provs. of Segovia and 

 Soria on the N. and Madrid and 

 Guadalajara on the S. They trend 

 from S.W. to N.E., and divide the 

 valleys of the Douro and Tagus. 

 The loftiest point is the Pico de la 

 Penalara, with an alt. of nearly 

 8,000 ft. The extensions on the E. 

 and W. are known as the Sierra de 

 Gredos and the Sierra Moncayo 

 respectively. 



Guadeloupe. Two islands of 

 the Lesser Antilles, W. Indies, 

 forming a French colony. Situated 



in the W. Atlantic, S. of Antigua 

 and N. of Dominica, the two islands 

 are separated by a narrow strait 

 called Riviere Sallee. The large 

 western island, Guadeloupe proper, 

 is called Basse -terre, the eastern 

 being known as Grande-terre. 

 Total area, 722 sq. m. Basse-terre 

 is of volcanic origin, and a range 

 of mts. forms its backbone from 

 N. to S. Among the volcanoes the 

 most famous is La Souffriere (alt. 

 5,000 ft.), last active in 1843, 

 others being Les Deux Mamelles, 

 and La Grosse Montagne. Grande- 

 terre is of coralline formation, and 

 its surface is fairly level, nowhere 

 exceeding 500 ft. above sea level. 



There are no rivers of any im- 

 portance, as they are apt to dry up 

 in summer, leaving only shallow 

 pools. Forests of valuable timber 

 abound, and mangroves flourish on 

 the swampy coast. The soil is ex- 

 tremely fertile, the chief products 

 being coffee, cacao, sugar, vanilla, 

 tobacco, bananas, cereals, and 

 sweet potatoes. Rum is distilled 

 and exported. The climate, though 

 hot, is not unhealthy, but the 

 colony is subject to destructive 

 storms. The principal port is 

 Pointe-a-Pitre, at the S. entrance 

 to the Riviere Sallee, and there are 

 safe anchorages in the roads of 

 Basse-terre and in the Bay of Ma- 

 hault. There are five dependencies, 

 which embrace the islands of Marie 

 Galante, Desirade, St. Martin, Les 

 Saintes, and St. Barthelemy, with 

 an area of 688 sq. m. 



The seat of the government is at 

 Basse-terre (q.v.), a town of 8,656in- 

 habitants. There is steamer con- 

 nexion with France, and a wireless 

 station at Destrellan was opened in 

 1918. The colony is administered 

 by a governor, assisted by a con- 

 cil, and is represented by a senator 

 and two deputies. Pop. 212,430, of 

 whom 3,461 were French born, 

 12,306 foreigners, and the re- 

 mainder blacks. 



Guadeloupe was discovered by 

 Columbus in 1493. It was taken 

 in 1635 by the French, who relin- 

 qusihed it to the British in 1759. 

 It changed owners many times 

 during the next 50 years, and was 

 finally ceded to France at the 

 peace of 1814. 



Guadiada. River of S. Spain, 

 the ancient Anas. It rises in head- 

 streams in the provs. of Cuenca and 

 Albacete, and flows, partly under- 

 ground, generally in a W. direction, 

 through the provs. of Ciudad Real 

 and Badajoz. From the city of 

 Badajoz (q.v.) it flows S.S. W., form- 

 ing for nearly 40 m. the boundary be - 

 tween Badajoz and the Portuguese 

 prov. of Alemtejo. Continuing 

 through Portuguese territory, it 

 bends S. and S.S.E. along the fron- 



tier of the Portuguese prov. of 

 Algarve and the Spanish prov. of 

 Huelva, to fall into the Atlantic 

 between Villa Real de San Antonio 

 in Portugal and Ayamonte in 

 Spain. Its length, including its 

 principal headstream the Zancara, 

 is about 500 m. The chief tribu- 

 taries are the Jabalon, Cobres, 

 Ardilla, Zujar, Ruecas, and the 

 Bullaque. It is only navigable for 

 40 m. from its mouth, which is 

 nearly choked by shoals. At Mer- 

 tola, the head of navigation, the 

 river is spanned by a Roman bridge 

 of 81 arches, built by Trajan. It 

 drains an area of about 32,000 sq.m. 



Guadix (Arab. Wad Ash, water 

 of life). City of Spain, in the prov. 

 of Granada. It stands on the N. 

 slope of the Sierra Nevada, a junc- 

 tion on the Granada-Almeria Rly. 

 It has ancient walls and a ruined 

 Moorish castle, and its cathedral 

 (modern) is built on the site of a mos- 

 que. There is trade in brandy, cot- 

 ton-wool, flax, and cereals ; manu- 

 factures include building materials, 

 earthenware, hats, etc. There are 

 mineral springs and iron and cop- 

 per mines in the vicinity. Once 

 covered with water, the whole 

 undulating district is intersected 

 by gullies cut by the retiring floods. 

 Guadix la Vieja, 5 m. to the N.W., 

 the Roman Acci, is the traditional 

 seat of the first Iberian bishopric. 

 Pop. 13,820. 



Guaduas. Town of Colombia, in 

 the prov. of Cundinamarca. It 

 stands near the river Magdalena, 

 45 m. N.W. of Bogota. At an alt. 

 of 3,300 ft., it is a centre of sugar, 

 coffee, and fruit cultivation. There 

 are large asphalt deposits in the 

 surrounding localities. Pop. 9,000. 



Guaiacol. Colourless liquid 

 occurring as a constituent of beech- 

 wood creosote from which it is 

 separated by distillation and sub- 

 sequent purification. It is employed 

 in medicine for treating the early 

 stages of tuberculosis of the lungs. 

 It possesses antiseptic and anti- 

 pyretic properties. 



Guaiacol Carbonate. Crystal- 

 line substance prepared by the 

 action of carbonyl chloride upon 

 sodium guiacolate. It is adminis- 

 tered in cases of rheumatoid 

 arthritis, and also in phthisis, bron- 

 chitis, and typhoid. 



GualdoTadino. To^n of Italy, 

 in the prov. of Perugia. It stands 

 on a spur of the Apennines, at an 

 alt. of 1,750 ft., 22 m. by rly. N. of 

 Foligno. A walled town, it has a 

 cathedral, and the town hall con- 

 tains pictures by Nicolo Alunno. 

 There are manufactures of earthen- 

 ware and silk, and trade in mill- 

 stones, cereals, and olive oil. In the 

 neighbourhood are scanty remains 

 of the ancient Tadinum, where 



