GUARDAFU1 



3724 



GUARINI 



Guardant in heraldry 



i 



Guardafui, CAPE. Most easterly 

 portion of the African continent ; 

 it is situated in Italian Somaliland. 

 A bold and commanding headland, 

 it presents the appearance of a 

 crouching lion when approached 

 from the S. The surrounding 

 country is rocky and barren, but 

 two or three 

 small coast 

 villages are 

 situated near 

 the cape. 



Guardant. 

 In heraldry, a 

 four-footed 

 beast shown 

 standing side- 

 ways, with 

 its face turned to the spectator. 

 If walking past in profile it is 

 passant, if looking backwards 

 regardant. 



Guard! , FRANCESCO (1712-93). 

 Venetian painter. Born in Venice, 

 he was a pupil of Canaletto. His 

 master's ren- 

 dering of archi- 

 t e c t u r e was 

 firmer and 

 more accurate, 

 but G u a r d i 

 was a better 

 colourist, and 

 depicted atmo- 

 spheric effects 



with truer feel- Francesco Guardi, 

 ing, and water Venetian painter 

 with greater buoyancy. There are 

 several good examples in the 

 National Gallery, London. 



Guardian (old Fr. garder, to 

 guard). Word meaning literally 

 one who guards or protects an- 

 other. It is used in two main senses. 

 In English law a guardian is a 

 person appointed by the father or 

 by the court to look after the 

 person of an infant. The father can 

 appoint a guardian by his will, but 

 cannot oust the mother, who will 

 act with the father's nominee. A 

 guardian can forbid his ward's mar- 

 riage, control his education, and 

 limit his pocket money, and gener- 

 ally takes the place of the father. 

 If the ward is refractory the guar- 

 dian can make him a ward of court 

 by applying to the Chancery 

 Division. A guardian ad litem is a 

 person appointed by the court to 

 represent an infant defendant. A 

 guardian is not allowed to make a 

 profit out of his office, and his duty 

 is to see that the ward is brought 

 up in a manner befitting his station 

 in life. A guardian cannot interfere 

 with the ward's religion, which 

 must be that of his father until he 

 is old enough to choose. 



In England, guardians of the 

 poor are the men and women 

 elected by the ratepayers to look 

 after the poor, educate the chil- 



dren, manage the workhouses, etc. 

 In each union of parishes they 

 form a board of guardians. They 

 were established by an Act of 1834, 

 and until 1894 were nominated in 

 addition to elected guardians. At 

 that time, also, the boards of guar- 

 dians in rural districts were made 

 virtually identical with the rural 

 district councils. See England : 

 Local Government; Health, Min- 

 istry of ; Poor Law. 



Guardian, THE. London weekly 

 newspaper. It was established 

 Jan. 21, 1846, a few weeks after 

 the secession of Newman to the 

 Church of Rome, to provide a rally- 

 ing point for the Tractarians who 

 remained loyal to the Church of 

 England, and to vindicate its 

 catholic position. The founders 

 included Frederick Rogers (after- 

 wards Lord Blachford), R. W. 

 Church (afterwards dean of S. 

 Paul's), and the Rev. J. B. Mozley. 

 Interpreting the word "catholic" 

 liberally, The Guardian endeavours 

 to be the organ of the whole 

 Church. It devotes space to litera- 

 ture, music, and art, and was de- 

 scribed by W. E. H. Lecky in 1899 

 as reflecting " the best intellectual 

 influences of the time." The editor- 

 ship was originally in commission 

 among the founders, supported 

 by the managership of Martin 

 Sharp. Later editors have been 

 D. C. Lathbury, 1883-99 ; Canon 

 Walter Hobhouse, 1900-5 ; and J. 

 Penderel-Brodhurst. In 1903 it 

 insorporated The Churchwoman, 

 founded in 1895. 



Guardian Angel. One of a 

 number of celestial beings who, in 

 Jewish, Christian, and Moslem 

 belief, act as guardians of the 

 human race. In the early Christian 

 Church it was believed that each 

 individual was under the care of a 

 particular angel, also that a good 

 angel and a bad angel were in con- 

 stant conflict for the possession of 

 each man's soul. Of Biblical re- 

 ferences, Gen. xxiv, 7, 40 ; xlviii, 

 16 ; Ex. xxiii, 20, 23 ; xxxii, 34 ; 

 xxxiii, 2 ; Ps. xci, 11 ; Dan. iii, 

 25, 28; vi, 22; Matt, xviii, 10; 

 Rev. i, 20 ; ii, 1, are among those 

 cited in this connexion. In the 

 N.T. the most notable reference is 

 Matt, xviii, 10. 



The theme of the guardian angel 

 is frequent in poetic literature, e.g. 

 Shakespeare's " Angels and minis- 

 ters of grace defend us," Hamlet i, 

 4 ; the " Holy angels guard thy 

 bed" of Watts's Cradle Hymn; 

 and the lines of Samuel Rogers' s 

 Human Life : 



A guardian angel o'er his life presiding. 

 Doubling his pleasures, and his cares 



dividing. 



Similar ideas of celestial guardian- 

 ship are associated with the stars, 

 e.g. Praed's "A star before the 



darkened soul, To guide, and glad- 

 den, and control." Note also 

 Judges v, 20, " the stars in their 

 courses fought (for Israel) against 

 Sisera." See Angel. 



Guards. In the military sense, 

 soldiers of superior type, prestige, 

 and privilege. They were origin- 

 ally the bodyguard of emperors 

 and kings, and in Britain and other 

 countries the nucleus of the stand- 

 ing army. Famous bodies of 

 Guards were the Praetorians at 

 Rome, the Gardes du Corps and 

 Swiss Guards in the service of the 

 kings of France, the old and young 

 Guard of Napoleon, and the Papal 

 Guard. Before the Great War the 

 Prussian Guard was the corps 

 d' elite of the German army, while 

 the Russian and other armies had 

 guard regiments. 



In England the kings had their 

 bodyguard from early times, and 

 the yeomen of the guard and the 

 king's bodyguard for Scotland are 

 survivals of that period. The 

 existing Guards date from the 

 time of Charles II, and were then 

 divided into horse and foot. The 

 horse guards consist now of three 

 regiments, 1st and 2nd Life Guards, 

 and Royal Horse Guards, col- 

 lectively known as the household 

 cavalry. The foot guards are the 

 three old regiments, 1st, 2nd, and 

 3rd, or Grenadier, Coldstream, and 

 Scots Guards, to which the Irish 

 Guards were added in 1902 and 

 the Welsh Guards in 1 9 1 5. During 

 the Great War a new unit, the 

 Machine Gun Guards, was estab- 

 lished. Together they form the 

 brigade of Guards, which has its 

 depot at Caterham. To this, men 

 of superior physique only are 

 admitted. The title of Dragoon 

 Guards is merely a name given to 

 certain cavalry regiments. Memo- 

 rials to the Guards' services in the 

 Great War are to be erected on the 

 Horse Guards Parade, London, and 

 in Holy Trinity Church, Windsor. 

 See Army ; Butler, Lady. 



Guarico. State of Central Vene- 

 zuela, lying S. of Miranda. It was 

 formed in 1901 out of a portion of 

 the state of Miranda. Area about 

 25,500 sq. m. Its capital is Cala- 

 bozo, situated on the Rio Guarico, 

 a tributary of the Orinoco (q.v.). 

 Pop. 220,488. 



Guarini, GIOVANNI BATTISTA 

 (1537-1612). Italian poet. Born 

 at Ferrara, Dec. 10, 1537, he was 

 for some time a professor at the 

 university there. At the age of 

 30 he entered the service of the 

 duke of Ferrara. He is chiefly 

 remembered as the author of II 

 Pastor Fido, a pastoral drama 

 first produced in 1585. He also 

 wrote Rime, 1601, Latin orations, 

 and died at Venice on Oct. 6, 1612. 



