GUATEMALA 



3726 



GUAYCURU 



proclaimed her independence, and 

 joined the Confederation of Central 

 America, which lasted for 26 years. 

 From 1847, when the republic was 

 founded, down to 1865, the country 

 was virtually in the hands of a 

 dictator named Rafael Carrera, an 

 Indian of obscure origin, whose 

 dictatorship terminated with his 

 death. In 1871 General Barrios 

 was elected president, and under 

 his rule the republic prospered. 

 War, however, broke out with 

 Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa 

 Rica in 1885, over an attempt to 

 re-establish the Central American 

 Confederation, and Barrios was 

 killed. A period of anarchy 

 followed, with civil war in 1906, 

 but the internecine strife was 

 finally quelled by the intervention 

 of Presidents Roosevelt and Diaz. 

 The president, Carlos Herrera, was 

 elected in March, 1920. 



Guatemala. City of Guatemala, 

 Central America, and capital of the 

 republic. A well-built town, with 

 broad, straight streets and contain- 

 ing a cathedral, a university, and 

 many fine public buildings, it was 

 entirely destroyed by earthquake 

 Jan. 3 and 4, 1918. It stood on an 

 undulating plain, 80 m. by rly. 

 from San Jose, its port on the 

 Pacific, and was also connected by 

 rly. with a port on the Gulf of 

 Honduras. The third capital of 

 this name, it replaced Almalonga 

 or La Ciudad Vieja and Guatemala 

 la Antigua (25 m. to the W.), both 

 destroyed by earthquakes. In 1920 

 the new city was being rebuilt about 

 12 m. S. of the recently destroyed 

 one. See Earthquake. 



Guava (Psidium guava). Small 

 tree of the natural order Myrtaceae, 

 a native of the W. Indies. The 

 branches are four-sided, the leaves 

 opposite, oval, and downy beneath, 

 and the flowers white, singly or in 

 clusters of three. The fruit is apple- 

 or pear-shaped, with thin, yellow 

 rind filled with pulpy yellow or red 

 flesh, of acid-sweet flavour, in 



which are numer- is divided into two sections, an 



ous hard, kidney- old town, narrow, dirty, and badly 



shaped seeds. It paved, and a new one well laid out. 



is made into The seat of a bishop, the city 



guava jelly and possesses numerous churches and 



guava cheese. The educational establishments. There 



purple guava is P. are also large shipyards and a good 



cattleyanum, a na- harbour, protected by a break- 



tive of Brazil. water. The city is low-lying, 



Guaviare, the sanitation bad, and the water 



GUAYABERO OR Supply poor. 



LESSEPS. River Jn 1913 a scheme to apply an 

 of Colombia, a effective system of sanitation was 

 tributary of the begun at a cost of 2,000,000. 

 Orinoco. It rises Manufactures include soap, candles, 



liquors, mineral 

 waters, alcohol, 

 hats, and food pro- 

 ducts, and there is 

 trade in tobacco, 

 hides, cotton, rub- 

 ber, bark, cacao, 

 quinine, and 

 metals. TheGuaya- 



Guatemala City, Central America. Cathedral before its 

 destruction, and, top, left, view of the Ermita valley 



q u i 1 - Q u i t o rly. 

 terminus is on the 

 opposite side of 

 the estuary, but 

 another line to the 

 coast is now con- 

 structed. The port 

 is visited by Euro- 

 pean steamers 

 via the Panama 

 Canal. A confla- 



in the Cordillera near Bogota, and gration in 1896 destroyed much of 



flows generally in an easterly di- the city. Pop. 93,851. 



rection for 700 m. 



It is navigable for ^ 



small craft for | 



most of its course. f 



Guayaquil OK ^^^sS^^^^^SS^Wl 



SANTIAGO DE GUA- I **^^^9^!^^^^H 



YAQUIL. Seaport 



and city of Ecua- J^ ^*gf ""* gr " ~*v~ " 



dor, capital of the - 



prov. of Guayas. 



It stands on the 



W. bank of the 



estuary of the 



Guayas, at the 



head of the Gulf 



Guayaquil. General view of this city and seaport of 

 Ecuador. South America 



of Guayaquil. It 



is the port for 



Quito, from which it is distant 



about 150 m. S.S.W. The city 



uuava. Foliage, flower, and fruit 

 of the West Indian tree 



Guayaquil, GULF OF. Large 

 inlet of the Pacific Ocean, on the 

 W. coast of S. America, between 

 Ecuador and Peru. It is 100 m. 

 wide at its mouth, and contains 

 the island of Puna, 32 m. long 

 and 12 m. broad. 



Guaycuru. Family of primitive 

 S. American Indian tribes, mainly 

 in the Gran Chaco, N. Argentina. 

 Their speech is more guttural and 

 primitive than the Guarani, from 

 which they get their name. The 

 Chaco tribes are predatory nomad 

 horsemen, who used bows and 

 arrows, and knives made of fish- 

 jaws. They practised infanticide, 

 but not cannibalism. Westward, 

 the Matacos were widespread. See 

 Abipones ; Charruas ; Tobas. 



