GUELDER ROSE 



Guelder Rose (Viburnum 

 opulus). Small tree of the natural 

 order Caprifoliaceae. A native of 

 Europe, N. and W. Asia, and N. 

 America, the smooth leaves are cut 

 into three strongly toothed lobes. 

 The whitish flowers form a cluster 

 of which the central mass are small 

 (J in.) and perfect, of a creamy 

 tint, while those of the outer ring 



Guelder Rose. Cluster of flowers of 

 the wild plant 



are three times the size, quite 

 white, and without pistil or stamens. 

 The garden guelder rose, or snow- 

 ball tree, is a variety in which all 

 the flowers are sterile like this 

 outer row. The wild plant is more 

 beautiful, for in autumn the fertile 

 flowers have been succeeded by 

 large juicy berries of a wonderful 

 translucent red. The flowers 

 secrete nectar, and on the leaf- 

 stalk there are cup-shaped glands 

 filled with nectar for ants, which 

 keep the plant free from cater- 

 pillars. 



Guelph OR G UELF. Italian form 

 of the German word Welf, and as 

 such that of one of the parties in 

 the noted medieval struggle be- 

 tween Guelphs and Ghibellines. 

 Meaning wolf, it began as the 

 Christian name of a race of nobles 

 who were powerful in Bavaria in 

 the llth and 12th centuries. One 

 of them, Henry the Proud, became 

 duke of Bavaria, and also duke of 

 Saxony, and his son Henry the 

 Lion was one of the most power- 

 ful of the German princes. The 

 word became the battle cry of 

 their followers, and was taken to 

 Italy, where it became Guelph. 



Guelph was also used as the 



name of the family to which the 



electors of Hanover and, therefore, 



the sovereigns of Great Britain 



from 1714 to 1837 belonged, these 



being descended from the early 



Welfs. It became more prominent 



during the years that followed the 



loss of his throne by George V of 



.Hanover in 1866. His cause was 



I spoken of as that of the Guelphs; 



1 the sum of money set aside for him 



J , 



3728 



was known as the Guelph Fund; 

 and there was a Guelph press. See 

 Hanover. 



Guelph. City of Ontario, 

 Canada, capital of Wellington co. It 

 stands on the Speed river, about 

 50 m. W by S. of Toronto. It is 

 served by the G.T.R., C.P.R., and 

 C.N.R., and has its own street rly. 

 There are many factories, making 

 iron goods, furniture, carpets, 

 textiles, beer, soap, etc., the 

 motive power being derived from 

 the falls of the Speed ; and it is a 

 market for the agricultural produce 

 of the surrounding district. In 

 1919 a factory for spinning linen 

 from Canadian flax was opened. 

 It has a city hall and market, and 

 the Ontario Agricultural College, 

 with its experimental farm. Pop. 

 16,300. 



Guelph and Ghibelline. Name 

 of two political factions, prominent 

 in Italian history from the 12th to 

 the 14th century. Primarily they 

 denoted the division into im- 

 perialist and anti-imperialist par- 

 ties, the supporters, that is, of the 

 supremacy of the emperor, as head 

 of the Holy Roman Empire, in 

 Italy, and his opponents, at the 

 head of whom was the pope. 



The papacy disputed the head- 

 ship of Christendom with the em- 

 peror, and there was consequently 

 a natural alliance between the 

 papacy and the Guelphs, while the 

 Ghibellines supported the emperor. 

 Theoretically, the Guelphs were the 

 champions of local and popular 

 liberties and freedom from foreign 

 domination ; but in the eyes of 

 the Ghibellines they were the 

 champions of a decentralization 

 which meant anarchy, and also of 

 ecclesiastical ascendancy. The 

 Ghibellines stood for a strong 

 central authority. 



In the middle of the 13th century 

 the house of Hohenstaufen was 

 finally overthrown ; imperialism 

 and papalism ceased to provide 

 the fundamental distinction. But 

 party factions still clung to the old 

 labels, and they became even more 

 prominent as designating local 

 parties than they had been as ex- 

 pressing great political principles, 

 for which, however, they still stood 

 in the minds of idealists such as 

 Dante. The feud, which was 

 especially strong in Florence, was 

 carried into almost every relation 

 of life, and each had its distinct 

 habits and customs in dress, 

 manners, and the like. In the course 

 of the 14th century the old names 

 as well as the old principles were 

 gradually displaced, and virtually 

 disappeared in the 15th century. 

 See Ghibelline ; Hohenstaufen ; 

 consult also The Renaissance in 

 Italy, J. A. Symonds, 1875. 'r 



GUERET 



Guelphic Order, ROYAL. Hano- 

 verian order of knighthood, insti- 

 tuted by George IV of England, 

 when Prince Regent, in 1815 ; it 

 was last bestowed by William IV. 

 The badge is a star with the white 

 horse of Saxony in the centre. The 

 ribbon is of light blue watered silk. 



Guemappe. Village of France. 

 In the dept. of Pas-de-Calais, it is 

 5 m. E.S.E. of Arras. Lying in the 

 valley of the Cojeul, it was promi- 

 nent in the fighting along the line of 

 this river during the Great War. 

 It was captured by the British on 

 April 23, 1917, retaken by the 

 Germans, and finally captured by 

 Canadian troops, Aug. 26, 1918. 

 See Arras, Battles of. 



Guenon (Fr., monkey). Large 

 group of African monkeys of the 

 genus Cercopithecus. They are 

 slender with long tails and small 

 callosities on the buttocks. Their 

 hair has a mottled appearance, 

 due to each hair bearing coloured 

 rings. They are usually found in 

 small droves in the forests, and are 

 very pugnacious. In captivity they 

 make good pets, as they are docile 

 and hardy, and are easily taught 

 to perform tricks. See Monkey. 



Guepratte, EMILE PAUL 

 AIMABLE. French sailor. During 

 the Great War, in 1914-15, he took 

 part in the naval operations in the 

 Dardanelles. He succeeded Ad- 

 miral du Fournet as commander of 

 the French squadron in that 

 theatre of war, and served under 

 Vice-admiral de Robeck, who 

 specially commended the be- 

 haviour of the French squadron 

 under Guepratte in the attack of 

 March 18, 1915. He was promoted 

 vice-admiral in Oct., 1915. 



Guerara, GOURARA OR GERRARA. 

 District in the Algerian Sahara, 

 forming the most northerly chain 

 of oases S. of Algeria proper. It 

 consists of the oases of Tin Erkouk, 

 Timimoun, Tabelkoza, Sebkha, 

 Fatis, Tahantas, and Charouin. In 

 1901 it contained 689,729 date 

 palms, consisting of more than 40 

 species. It was occupied by 

 France in 1902. 



Guercino. Nickname of the 

 Italian painter Barbieri (q.v.). 



Gueret. Town of France. In 

 the dept. of Creuse, of which it is 

 the capital, it is 48 m. from 

 Limoges, standing at the foot of the 

 Puy de Gaudy. The chief building 

 is the prefecture, a house of the 

 15th century, and there is a 

 museum, but there are no remains 

 of the abbey of S. Pardoux round 

 which the town grew. There are a 

 number of industries, and the 

 town is a market for the cattle and 

 other produce of the surrounding 

 district. It was formerly the capital 

 of La Marche. Pop. 8,300. 



