GUERRIN1 



373O 



GUEUX 



crushed. In the American Civil 

 War, the guerrillas of W. Virginia 

 could never be suppressed. 



The Circassian leader, Schamyl, 

 kept the Russian armies at bay for 

 years by guerrilla tactics; the Der- 

 vishes, Afghans, Zulus, Burmese, 

 Kaffirs, and Maoris gave similar 

 trouble to the British forces. The 

 French in Algeria met their master 

 in Abd-el-Kader. Napoleon had to 

 execute Andreas Hofer as the sole 

 means of clearing Tirol. The 

 Chouans, in Brittany, defied the 

 French Government in 1795. The 

 Spanish army contended in vain for 

 three years against the Cubans. 

 The U.S.A. troops were repeatedly 

 worsted by the tactics of the Red 

 Indians. See Franc-Tireur. 



Guerrini, OLINDO (1845-1916). 

 Italian poet and critic. He was 

 born at Forli, and became librarian 

 at Bologna University. At the age 

 of twenty-two he published his 

 first volume of poems, Postuma : 

 Canzionere di Lorenzo Stecchetti, 

 1877, which created something 

 of a sensation owing to its 

 " audacious immorality." In the 

 succeeding two years he defended 

 himself against his critics in Pol- 

 emica and Nova Polemica. He 

 wrote also appreciations of various 

 Italian authors, and issued his col- 

 lected poems, La Rime, in 1903. 

 He died at Bologna, Oct. 22, 1916. 

 Guesclin, BERTRAND DU (1320- 

 80). French soldier. Born in 

 Brittany, he was trained to arms, 

 and when 

 quite young 

 made a repu- 

 tation by his 

 skill in the 

 tournament. 

 He fought in 

 the civil war 

 then raging in 

 Brittany, and 



Bertranddu Guesclin, ] \ was , th f re 

 French soldier that he be- 

 came one of 



the most renowned of theopponents 

 of England. He was constantly in 

 the field, and his exploits were 

 many and glorious, although more 

 than once he was taken prisoner. 

 When peace was made in 1360, he 

 marched into Spain at the head of 

 an army of mercenaries, and there 

 was again taken prisoner by the 

 English at Navarrete. On the re- 

 newal of the war between England 

 and France he was one of the 

 French leaders, and was instru- 

 mental in recovering several dis- 

 tricts for his king. He died July 13, 

 1380. Made constable of France, 

 he was regarded as the greatest 

 French soldier of his age. 



Guest, LADY CHAKLOTTE ELIZA- 

 BETH (1812-95). Welsh scholar. 

 Born at Uffington House, Lincoln- 



tenham 

 Poole. 



and 

 In 



shire, May 12, 1812, daughter of 

 the 9th earl of Lindsey, she married, 

 1833, Sir Josiah Guest, Bart. 

 (1785-1852), 

 whose iron- 

 works at 

 Dowlais she 

 managed after 

 his death; and 

 in 1855, Dr. 

 Charles Schrei- 

 ber (d. 1884) 

 M.P. for Chel- 

 Lady Charlotte Guest, 

 Welsh scholar 



1838-49 she issued a three.- volume 

 version of the medieval Welsh 

 tales, commonly known as The 

 Mabinogion (q.v.). Regarded as a 

 masterpiece of English prose, this 

 marked an epoch in the study of 

 Celtic literature, and was quickly 

 translated into German and French 

 by Schulz and Villemarque re- 

 spectively. In addition to a version 

 for boys of the earliest Welsh tales 

 of King Arthur, she wrote 

 several volumes on china, fans, and 

 playing cards, of which she was a 

 well-known collector. She pre- 

 sented parts of her collection to the 

 British and South Kensington 

 Museums, and did much to revive 

 the Eisteddfod. She died at Canf ord 

 Manor, Dorset, Jan. 15, 1895. 



Guest, FREDERICK EDWARD (b. 

 1875). British politician. Born 

 June 14, 1875, the third son of the 

 1st Lord Wim- 

 borne, he was 

 educated at 

 Eton. Having 

 entered the 

 army, 1st Life 

 Guards, he 

 served in the 

 expedition up 

 the Nile in 1899, 



and afterwards Frederick E. Guest, 

 in S. Africa. British politician 



During the Lafayette 



Great War he was first on the 

 Western front, and then in E. Africa, 

 winning the D.S.O. He had made 

 three unsuccessful attempts to enter 

 the House of Commons when he was 

 returned as M.P. for East Dorset in 

 1911. In 1912 he was made trea- 

 surer of the household, being also 

 a government whip. He left office 

 in 1915, but in 1917 he returned, 

 to become patronage secretary to 

 the treasury. He was secretary 

 for air, 1921-22. 



Guest, SIR JOSIAH JOHN (1785- 

 1852). British ironmaster. Born 

 Feb. 2, 1785, he was the son of 

 Thomas Guest, an ironmaster in 

 Dowlais, Glamorganshire. Edu- 

 cated at grammar schools at Bridg- 

 north and Monmouth, he entered 

 the ironworks at Dowlais, of which 

 he became manager in 1815. He 

 had already introduced consider- 



able improvements in making iron, 

 and under him the works became 

 among the largest of their kind, em- 

 ploying 12,000 workers. . w He be- 

 came their sole proprietor in 1849, 

 and they now belong to the firm of 

 Guest, Keen & Nettlef olds. Guest 

 was M.P. for Honiton, 1826-31, 

 and for Merthyr Tydvil from 1832- 

 52. He was made a baronet in 

 1838, and died at Dowlais, Nov. 26, 

 1852. Guest, whose eldest son 

 was made Lord Wimborne (q.v.), 

 bought Canford Manor, in Dorset. 

 His commercial interests in S.Wales 

 included the chairmanship of the 

 Taff Vale Rly. 



Guetar (great-land). American 

 Indian tribes of semi-advanced 

 culture in central Costa Rica, at 

 the time of the Spanish conquest. 

 Situate between the primitive 

 Guatuso and the Talamanca people, 

 their territory was bounded on the 

 Atlantic side by the San Juan and 

 Matina rivers, and on the Pacific 

 by the Barranca and Terraba 

 rivers. Living in unfederated com- 

 munities, they cultivated maize 

 and cacao, practised canoe fish- 

 ing, hunted deer and peccari, and 

 wore shell necklaces and ear orna- 

 ments. Ignorant of metals, they 

 sculptured vigorous basalt figures. 



Gueudecourt. Village of France, 

 in the dept. of Somme. It is 2J m. 

 S. of Bapaume, and was prominent 

 in the battles of the Somme. It 

 was captured from the Germans by 

 the British on Sept. 26, 1916, re- 

 taken by the Germans in their 

 offensive of March, 1918, and again 

 captured by the British in Aug., 

 1918. See Bapaume, Battle of; 

 Somme, Battles of the. 



Gueux, LES (Fr., the beggars). 

 Name specially applied to those 

 Netherlanders who revolted 

 against Spain in the 16th century. 

 The name is supposed to have origi- 

 nated in 1566, when a party of 

 nobles took their petition of griev- 

 ances to the regent, Margaret, 

 duchess of Parma. To induce her 

 to face them, someone asked if she 

 were afraid of ces gueux, these 

 beggars, and the petitioners, men 

 of wealth and position, hailed the 

 epithet as an honour, taking as 

 their symbols the wallet and the 

 bowl of the beggar. 



Philip of Spain, and although the 

 original league was broken up the 

 Dutch Republic really arose from 

 it. In the struggle the name gueitx 

 de mer, or sea-beggars, was given to 

 privateers who, with the conni- 

 vance of William of Orange, preyed 

 upon the shipping of Spain. Their 

 great exploits were the seizures of 

 Brill and Flushing in 1572. See 

 Rise of the Dutch Republic, J. L. 

 Motley, new ed. 1901. 



