GUICCIARDINI 



3732 



GUIL.BERT 



on the N. Area 32,000 sq. m. The 

 Maroni river flows along its W. 

 boundary, and the Oyapock marks 

 the E. frontier. Other rivers are 

 the Ouya, Sinnimari, Mana, and 

 Approuague. The continuation of 

 the Acaray range or Tumac Humac 

 mountains extends along the S. 

 boundary. The flat alluvial tract 

 on the coast is exceedingly fertile. 

 The chief products are sugar, 

 coffee, cacao, rice, maize, manioc, 

 and indigo. Rubber, pepper, spices, 

 rum, rosewood essence, phosphates, 

 woods, and skins are exported. The 

 colony includes the so-called island 

 of Cayenne, on which stands the 

 capital of the same name. It is only 

 separated from the mainland by the 

 forking of a river. The chief ports 

 are Cayenne, Oyapock, and St. 

 Laurent-du-Maroni. The colony 

 is administered by a governor 

 assisted by a council, and is repre- 

 sented in the French Parliament 

 by a deputy. 



French settlers arrived at 

 Cayenne in 1604. In 1763 the 

 French government dispatched 

 12,000 emigrants to the colony, but 

 nearly all succumbed to the ravages 

 of disease and the climate. Captured 

 by the British and Portuguese in 

 1809, it was returned to France in 

 1814. Since 1855 Guiana h as been a 

 penal settlement. Pop. 26,325, ex- 

 clusive of the convicts, who number 

 about 6,000. See Cayenne. 



Guicciardini, FRANCESCO ( 1483- 

 1540). Italian historian. Contem- 

 porary and friend of Machiavelli, 

 he was a prac- 

 tical man of 

 affairs, and has 

 been described 

 as the realist 

 where Machia- 

 velli was the 

 idealist. De- 

 spite his hold- 

 ing frequently 

 opposite views, 

 h e cynically 

 adapted him- 

 self to the ser- 

 vice of the rulers of his time. 



In 1534 he retired and devoted 

 himself to writing his great His- 

 tory of Italy from 1490 to 1532, 

 a translation of which into English 

 by A. P. Goddard was published 

 in ten volumes, 1755-59. This 

 work has been summed up as 

 being with all its defects one of the 

 most valuable histories ever writ- 

 ten. Guicciardini's other writings 

 include a series of political aphor- 

 isms. Pron. Gwitchardeenee. 



Guiccioli, COUNTESS TERESA 

 ( 1 802-73 ). Italian mistress of Lord 

 Byron (q.v.). Daughter of Count 

 Gamba of Ravenna, she was 

 married in her 17th year to the 

 sixty - year - old Count Guiccioli. 



Francesco Guic- 

 ciardini, 

 Italian historian 



From a print 



Teresa Guiccioli, 

 Italian countess 



Shortly after her marriage she was 

 introduced to Byron, in April, 1820, 

 and became infatuated with him. 

 Thencefor- 

 ward, thanks 

 to an alter- 

 natelycompla- 

 c e n t and 

 jealous hus- 

 band (from 

 whom she was 

 subsequently 

 separated), 

 she was more 

 or less closely 



After W. Brockedon associated 



with the poet to the end of his 

 life. She later married the Marquis 

 Rouille de Boissy. In 1868 she 

 published Byron juge par les 

 temoins de sa vie (Eng. trans. 1869). 



Guide-book. Handbook for 

 tourists and travellers. Early 

 travel-books were chiefly didactic. 

 One of the first was written in 1574 

 by a German, Hieronymus Tur- 

 lerus. Paterson's British Itinerary 

 appeared in 1776. There are 

 numerous guides to London dated 

 early in the 19th century. 



Guides, CORPS OF. Unit of the 

 Indian army. It owes its existence 

 to Sir Henry Lawrence, who, in 

 1846, decided ., 

 to raise for 

 service on the 

 frontiers a 

 body of troops 

 more mobile 

 than the regu- 

 lars. The'name 

 had been borne 

 by a unit in 

 Napoleon' s 

 army. Sir 

 Henry Lums- 

 den was its 

 first com- 

 mander. A 

 small force, 

 but including 

 both horse and 

 foot soldiers, it 

 saw active ser- 

 vice almost at 

 once and was 

 constantly en- 

 gagedinborder 

 warfare there- 

 after. Among 

 the many in- 

 cidents in the history of the Guides 

 are the march to Delhi during the 

 Mutiny, the massacre at Kabul in 

 1879, when a detachment of them 

 formed Cavagnari's escort, their 

 share in the Afghan War of 1878- 

 80, and services at the relief of 

 Chitral. The corps grew from a 

 troop of cavalry and two com- 

 panies of infantry to a strength of 

 27 officers and 1,400 men It has 

 worn ?. khaki uniform from the 

 first. The headquarters are at 



5S>, 



Corps ot Guides. 

 Private of infan- 

 try company 



Mardan and its full name is the 

 Queen's Own Corps of Guides. 

 See Army ; consult The Story of the 

 Guides, G. J. Younghusband, 1908. 



Guidon (Fr.). Crimson silk 

 colours of dragoon regiments of 

 the British army. The lance is 8 ft. 

 6 ins. long, including the royal 

 crest on top. The flag is 3 ft. 5 ins. 

 to the ends of the points of the 

 swallow tails, exclusive of fringe, 

 and 2 ft. 3 ins. on the lance ; the 

 width of the slit at the points of 

 the swallow tail is 13| ins. ; it 

 bears the badge, devices, and mot- 

 toes conferred by royal authority 

 for services in the* field. See 

 Colours ; Eagle : Standard. 



Guido y Spano, CARLOS (b. 

 1832). Argentine poet and poli- 

 tician. He was born at Salta, in 

 N. Argentina, and early took to a 

 political life. In 1865 he was 

 president of the National Congress, 

 took part in the war against Para- 

 guay, and was president of the 

 senate, 1872-76. His poems were 

 mostly comprised in Hojas al 

 Viento, 1871. 



Guienne. Prov. of old France. 

 It was at first a part of Aquitaine, 

 obtaining a separate existence in 

 the 13th century. Its capital was 

 Bordeaux. From 1154-1451 it was 

 an English possession. From 1451 

 it was part of France, and with 

 Gascony formed one of the govern- 

 ments of the ancien regime,. Since 

 the Revolution it has been divided 

 between the departments of Gi- 

 ronde, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Dor- 

 dogne, and Tarn-et-Garonne. See 

 Aquitaine ; France : History. 



Guilbert, YVETTE (b. 1869). 

 French singer and actress. Born 

 in Paris, she worked as a girl in 

 millinery and 

 dressmaking 

 establish- 

 ments, and as a 

 newspaper re- 

 porter. Her 

 gifts of witty 

 i mpersonation 

 and her skill 

 as a singer of 

 piquant songs 

 led her to cafe- 

 concert en- 

 gagements, 

 and, in 1890, 

 to highly sue- 

 cessful appear- 



ances at the ^ 



Eldorado and Ambassadeurs, Paris. 

 She was enthusiastically received 

 in London, Rome, Vienna, Berlin, 

 and elsewhere. She toured the 

 U.S.A., 1906-7, 1909-10, and 1915- 

 17, becoming teacher of dramatic 

 diction at New York. She wrote 

 two novels, La Vedette, and Les 

 Demi-Vieilles, 1902, and published 

 How to Sing a Song, 1919. 



