GUINEA GRASS 



3738 



GUINNESS TRUST 



delicate and very quarrelsome. 

 But the bird is a remunerative one, 

 both flesh and eggs being highly 

 esteemed and fetching good prices. 

 See Fowl ; Poultry. 



Guinea Grass (Panicum maxi- 

 mum). I ,ar ge peren ni al grass of the 

 natural order Gramineae. A native 

 of the W. Indies, it grows from 5 ft. 

 to 10 ft. high. 



Guinea Pepper (Xylopia aethio- 

 pica). Tall shrub of the natural 

 order Anonaceae. It is a native of 

 W. Africa. It -has egg-shaped 

 leaves, covered on the underside 

 with white down, and flowers con- 

 sisting of three sepals and three 

 petals The long cylindrical pods 

 have an aromatic odour and a 

 pungent taste, and are used as sub- 

 stitutes for pepper. 



GuineaPig. Small domesticated 

 rodent belonging to the cavy tribe, 

 and nearly related to the pacas and 



Guingamp, France. 



Guinea Pig. Specimens 01 the rodents 

 often kept as pets 



agutis. Its origin is doubtful, but 

 it is believed to have descended 

 from the black Cutler's cavy of 

 Peru, long ago 

 domesticated b y 

 the Incas. These 

 cavies were usually 

 self-coloured, the 

 tortoiseshell coat 

 of the modern 

 guinea pig and the 

 long hair of certain 

 varieties being the 

 result of selective 

 breeding. The 

 guinea pig first ap- 

 peared in Europe 

 in the 16th cen- 

 tury, when it was 

 introduced to Hol- 

 land soon after 

 the discovery of 

 America, the name 

 Guinea being pro- 

 bably a corruption 

 of Guiana. It is 

 easily kept in cap- 

 tivity, provided it 

 is protected from cold and damp 

 it will eat most kinds of roots and 

 corn ; is extremely prolific, and 

 makes excellent eating. 



Guinea Plum (Parinarium 

 excelsum). Tree of the natural 

 order Rosaceae, native of W. 

 Africa. It has leathery, oblong 



leaves, downy be- 

 neath, and sprays 

 of white flowers, 

 followed by plum- 

 like fruits with 

 coarse, grey skin, 

 dry, mealy flesh, 

 and a large stone. 

 It is the grey plum 

 of Sierra Leone. 

 Guinegate OR 



Gtr I N EG A TTE. 



Village of France 

 sometimes known 

 as Enguinegatte. 

 In the dept. of 

 Pas-de-Calais, it is known for the 

 battles fought here in 1479 and 1513. 

 In the former the French were 

 beaten by Maximilian of Austria on 

 Aug. 7, 1479; the latter is known 

 as the battle of the Spurs (g.o.). 



Guines. Town of France. In 

 the dept. of Pas-de-Calais, it is 

 5J m. from Calais, with which it is 

 connected by rail, tram, and canal. 

 Formerly an important place, it 

 had a castle and was a fortified 

 town and the capital of a county to 

 which it gave its name. It is now 

 chiefly a market for agricultural 

 produce. The English held it from 

 the time of Edward III to that of 

 Mary. It was the headquarters of 

 Henry VIII at the Field of the 

 Cloth of Gold (g.v.). Pop. 4,160. 



Guines. Town of Cuba, in the 

 prov. of Havana. It lies about 30 

 m. S.E. of Havana, with which it 

 has rly. communication. Founded 

 towards the middle of the 18th 



Uumevere at the nunnery at Amesbury, where sue 

 made herself a nun and became abbess 



By permission from the painting by Mary F. Raphael 



century, it was named after an 

 extensive estate, and incorporated 

 in 1814. In 1817 it was devastated 

 by fire. It trades in tobacco, coffee, 

 and sugar. Pop. 8,050. 



Guinevere. Character in the 

 Morte D' Arthur. The daughter of 

 Leodegrance, king of Cameliord, 



View oJ the square, showing the 

 parish church 



she married King Arthur. She fell 

 in love with Sir Lancelot, and he 

 with her, and their relations served 

 to bring about the last great battle 

 and the death of Arthur. She re- 

 tired to a nunnery at Amesbury 

 and there died. See Arthur ; Morte 

 D' Arthur. 



Guingamp. Town of Brittany, 

 France. In the dept. of Cotes du 

 Nord, it stands on the river Trieux, 

 82 m. W.N. W. of Rennes. A statue of 

 the Virgin in the church of Notre 

 Dame de Bon Secours is the object 

 of an annual pilgrimage in July. 

 The town is a centre of agriculture. 

 In the Middle Ages Guingamp was 

 the chief town of the duchy of 

 Penthievre. Near the town is 

 Graces, a village with a 16th cen- 

 tury Gothic chapel. Pop. 9,300. 

 See Gingham. 



Guinness. Name of an Irish 

 stout brewed by the firm of Dublin 

 brewers of this name. The soft 

 Dublin water is particularly suit- 

 able for the brewing of stout. See 

 Brewing ; Stout. 



Guinness. Name of an Irish 

 family famous as brewers. Arthur 

 Guinness, in the 18th century, 

 had a brewery at Leixlip. He 

 transferred his business to Dublin 

 and became famed for his porter, 

 as it was then called. By his son 

 and grandson the business was con- 

 tinued, and under the latter, Ben- 

 jamin Lee Guinness (1798-1868), 

 it was much enlarged. It was 

 known as Arthur Guinness, Sons 

 &Co. In 1886 it was made a 

 limited company, but the Guinness 

 family retained a major interest in 

 it. Benjamin Lee Guinness, made 

 a baronet in 1867, was an M.P. 

 and a great benefactor to Dublin. 

 His eldest son became Baron Ardi- 

 laun, 1880, and died without sons 

 in 1915. The other, Edward Cecil, 

 was made baronet in 1885, Baron 

 Iveagh in 1891, viscount in 1905, 

 and earl in 1919. See Iveagh, Earl. 



Guinness Trust. Fund estab- 

 lished by 1st Earl Iveagh n 1889 

 for the provision of houses for 

 the poorer classes in London and 

 Dublin. The sum set aside was 

 250,000 ; blocks of dwellings were 



