GUISE 



was to give the 

 British relief from 

 pursuit and Man- 

 oury's new 6th 

 army time to as- 

 semble near Paris. 

 On Aug. 29 

 Lanrezac had to 

 open his battle, 

 with noprotection 

 to his left except 

 from two tired 

 French reserve 

 divisions, which 

 speedily fell back. 

 While facing 



3740 



Guise. 



about, to move on St. Quentin, 

 his right formed by the 10th corps 

 was violently attacked S. and E. 

 of Guise by the Germans in con- 

 siderable strength. He determined, 

 therefore, to abandon the move- 

 ment on St. Quentin as being too 

 dangerous, and Joffre tacitly con- 

 curred. He directed the 3rd and 

 1st corps to support the 10th corps 

 against the Germans near Guise, 

 while the 18th corps covered his 

 left and faced towards St. Quentin. 

 It crossed the Oise, but near Itan- 

 court found itself heavily engaged 

 by troops in approximately equal 

 force of Kluck's and Billow's 

 armies. The Germans were checked 

 and driven back with considerable 

 loss across the Oise at Guise, but 

 the danger of being turned by 

 Kluck's advance was such that 

 Lanrezac could not profit by this 

 success of his right ; and on his 

 left the 18th corps had to re-cross 

 the Oise as German reinforcements 

 entered the battle. Lanrezac had 

 no choice but to break off the 



engagement on Aug. 30, and 

 resume his retreat, as his right 

 was in the air and Kluck's advance 

 continued. The German loss was 

 stated by Biilow at 6,000 killed and 

 wounded. The French casualties 

 were estimated by the Germans at a 

 considerably higher figure, and in 

 addition about 2,000 prisoners were 

 taken. 



Guise. French title taken from 

 the town of this name and held 

 by a cadet branch of the ruling 

 family of Lorraine. Its principal 

 holders are described below. The 

 earldom of Guise, with Aumale, 

 Elbeuf, and other possessions, was 

 brought to Rudolph of Lorraine 

 by has wife Marie of Blois, in 

 1333, and passed to Rene II of 

 Lorraine, from whom they came to 

 his second son Claude, in whose 

 hands they were converted into a 

 duchy. Mary of Guise, 1515-60, 

 who married James V of Scotland, 

 was mother of Mary Queen of Scots. 

 Fran?ois Joseph, 1670-75, was the 

 7th and last duke, arid on the death 

 of his great-aunt, Marie, the title 

 lapsed. 





Map of the battlefield of August, 1914 



Guise, CHARLES DE (1525-74). 

 French prelate, known as the 

 cardinal of Lorraine. The 2nd son 

 of Claude, duke 

 of Guise, he was 

 made titular 

 archbishop of 

 Reims, 1538, 

 and cardinal in 

 1547. Immoral 

 and unscrupu- 

 lous, but skilled 

 in statecraft, he 

 sharedf or many 

 years the power 



of his brother Fran9ois, 2nd duke of 

 Guise. He helped to negotiate the 

 treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, 1559, 

 and, a bitter foe of the Huguenots, 

 strove to introduce the harshest 

 form of the Inquisition into France. 

 He was forced to leave the court 

 by Catherine de' Medici, and died 

 in disgrace Dec. 26, 1574. His 

 dissolute life earned him the name 

 of cardinal of the bottles. 



Guise, CLAUDE, IST DUKE OF 

 (1496-1550). French soldier. 



Charles de Guise, 

 Cardinal of Lorraine 



Second son of Rene II, duke 

 Lorraine (d. 

 1508), he was 

 born Oct. 

 1496. He 



1st Duke of Guise 



From a portrait in the 

 Pilti Pal ace, Florence 



20, 



in- 



herited his 

 father's French 

 duchy of Au- 

 male, his bro- 

 ther Anthony 

 succeeding t o 

 the dukedom 

 of Lorraine. In 

 1513 he mar- 

 ried Antoinette of Bourbon, thus 

 linking himself with the French 

 court, where, he became an official 

 of the household. He fought 

 with great gallantry at Marignano, 

 1515, and at Fuenterrabia, 1521. 

 In 1525 he shattered the Ana- 

 baptist forces in Lorraine. Francis I 

 of France made Claude governor 

 of Champagne, and converted his 

 fief of Guise into a duchy, 1526. 

 He was thus a peer of France, and 

 by Angevin descent and his Lor- 

 raine duchy took precedence over 

 the Bourbon princes themselves. 

 He died April 12, 1550. 



GUISE 



Guise, FRANCOIS, 2ND DUKE OF 

 (1519-63). French soldier and 

 statesman. He was born at Bar. 



Feb. 17, 1519, ^. 



and saw war at 

 Montmedy, in 

 1542; Land- 

 recies, in 1543; 

 and at the 

 siege of Bou- 

 logne, in 1545, 

 his wounds in 

 these c a m- 



paigns giving 



2nd Duke of Guise 



him the sobriquet of Le Balafre, 

 the scarred. His defence of Metz 

 against the emperor Charles V, 

 1552, made him famous as a 

 general, and he commanded the 

 French troops sent to aid Pope 

 Paul III against Spain, 1556. In 

 1558 he recovered Calais and other 

 places from the English. 



Under Francis II the duke was 

 virtually supreme ruler of France. 

 With relentless cruelty he sup- 

 pressed the conspiracy of Amboise 

 formed by the lesser nobility 

 against the rule of the Guises and 

 their ally the cardinal Granvella, 

 1560. Under the regency of 

 Catherine de' Medici he formed, 

 with the duke de Montmorency 

 and the marshal de S. Andre, the 

 " triumvirate " who opposed her 

 attempts to reconcile the Catholic 

 and Protestant parties. In the re- 

 ligious wars which broke out in 



1562, Franyois again took the field, 

 winning victories at Rouen and 

 Dreux, 1562, but while laying siege 

 to Orleans was shot at St. Mesmin 

 by a Protestant fanatic, Feb. 19, 



1563, and died five days later. 

 Guise, HENRI, 3RD DUKE OF 



(1550-88). Son of Fra^ois of 

 Guise, he inherited his father's 

 courage but not his ability. In his 

 youth he fought against the Turk- 

 ish invaders of Hungary, and he 

 was prominent in the massacre of 

 S. Bartholomew, 1572. He defeated 

 the Huguenots at Dormans, 1575, 

 and set out, 1585, to use his great 

 popularity to seize the crown from 

 the discredited Henry III. 



Defeating the German mercen- 

 aries at Vimory, and the Huguenots 

 at Auneau, 1587, he entered Paris 

 April, 1588, and, the Parisian mob 

 favouring his attempt, laid siege 

 to the king in the Louvre. At 

 this point his courage failed him, 

 and Henry III left Paris for Blois, 

 where he invited Guise to attend 

 the states -general which he con- 

 voked there. Despite warnings of 

 intended treachery, the duke fol- 

 lowed the king to Blois, but was 

 assassinated there by the king's 

 arrangement, and almost in his 

 presence, Dec. 25, 1588. Like his 

 father, Henri was called Le Balafre, 

 from a wound received at Dormans. 



