GUJARAT 



3742 



GULFWEED 



of considerable commercial im- 

 portance, and is noted for its manu- 

 facture of furniture. Pop. 19,090, 

 three-quarters Mahomedans, one- 

 quarter Hindus. 



Gujarat, BATTLE OF. Fought 

 between the British and the Sikhs, 

 Feb. 21, 1849. The second Sikh 

 War had begun with the British 

 check at Chillianwalla, in Jan. In 

 Feb. Lord Gough, the British com- 

 mander, fought an army of Sikhs, 

 estimated at 60,000, drawn up 

 before the fortified town of Gu- 

 jarat. He attacked them with his 

 artillery, in which he was greatly 

 superior, allowing tliis to play upon 

 them for 2 hrs. An advance was 

 then made, and the Sikh ranks 

 broke into flight. The British 

 cavalry pursued them for many 

 miles, and the result was the anni- 

 hilation of the Sikh army and the 

 capture of its guns and baggage. 

 The British army of 24,000 lost about 

 800. Gujarat was taken and the 

 Punj ab surrendered. See Sikh Wars. 



Gujranwala. Dist., subdivision 

 and town of the Punjab, India, in 

 the Lahore Division. The area of 

 the dist. is 4,082 sq. m., of which 

 about two-thirds is under cultiva- 

 tion, one-third of this being de- 

 voted to wheat ; other crops are 

 gram, barley, cotton, and millet. 

 The district owes much of its pros- 

 perity to the two Chenab irrigation 

 canals. The manufacture of cotton 

 cloth is an industry of some im- 

 portance. Gujranwala town is an 

 important commercial centre. Its 

 manufactures include cotton cloth 

 and brass vessels. J ats are the most 

 numerous tribesmen. Pop. , district, 

 923,419 ; subdivision, 218,352 ; 

 town, 29,472. 



Gulbarga. Division, dist., sub- 

 division, and town of India, in 

 Hyderabad State. Area of div. 

 22,110 sq. m., and of dist. 6,719 sq. 

 m. The cultivated area of the 

 dist. is considerable, millet being 

 the chief crop. Limestone occurs ; 

 cotton goods are made, and millet, 

 hides, and cotton exported. Im- 

 ports include salt, cotton, woollens, 

 and hardware. In Gulbarga City, 

 the headquarters of the division 

 and a trade centre, is the Jama 

 Masjid in the old fort, a mosque 

 constructed in the time of Feroze- 

 shah. Pop., division, 3,673,171; 

 district, 1,150,983; subdivision, 

 212,034; town, 32,437. 



Gulbrands-dal OR GUDBRANDS- 

 DAL. Valley dist. of S. Norway. It 

 is the central part of the main 

 valley, with ramifications of the 

 river Lougen. Emerging from Lake 

 Miosen, this river flows N.W. to 

 Romsdal co., the Gulbrandsdal 

 running from the Romsdal past 

 Littlehammer to the base of the 

 Dovrefeld Mts. 



Gulden. Silver coin current at 

 various times in Germany and the 

 Netherlands. In Austria and the 



Gulden. Obverse and reverse of 

 Dutch coin of 1773. Diameter, '; in. 



S. German states it was in use until 

 1876, and is current as the guilder 

 or gulden, in Holland. See Florin. 



Gulf Stream. Chart of the North Atlantic Ocean showing 

 the origin and directions of the current 



Gules. One of the seven heraldic 

 tinctures, red. It is represented 

 in drawings 

 by a series of 

 thin vertical 

 lines close 

 together. The 

 word is derived 

 either from Fr. 

 gueules, pi. of 

 gueule (Lat. gu- 



tonal current, from E. to W. 

 across the Atlantic Ocean N. of the 

 equator. Part of this current skirts 

 the outer shores of the W. Indies, 

 but the greater portion enters the 

 Caribbean Sea and thence passes 

 to the Gulf of Mexico. Here the 

 piling up of waters causes a stream 

 current to issue from the Gulf of 

 Mexico between Florida and Cuba. 

 This current unites with the branch 

 which keeps outside the W. Indies 

 to form the Gulf Stream. 



The combined current follows 

 the direction of the coast ; it de- 

 creases steadily in rate of flow, 

 depth, and temperature, but in- 

 creases in width. 

 On reaching the 

 latitudes of the 

 prevailing wes- 

 terlies the Gulf 

 Stream loses its 

 stream character 

 and becomes a 

 great drift. Its 

 waters are spread 

 out like a fan, 

 and, instead of 

 there being a 

 broad ocean 

 river, there is 

 a general move- 

 men t of the 

 whole surface 

 waters ,of the 

 ocean which, 

 pushed by the 

 winds, drift to- 

 wards the coasts 

 of N.W. Europe. 

 This drift current 

 is called the Gulf 

 Stream drift or 



the N. Atlantic drift. It influences 

 the climate of W. Europe by raising 

 the winter temperature, but this 

 power depends mainly on the pre- 

 vailing westerlies. See Weather. 



Gulfweed (Sargassum bacci- 

 ferum). Seaweed of the class 

 Phaeophyceae. It has narrow, 



Gules in heraldry 



la), throat, red 

 skin, or from 

 See Heraldry, 

 bay). Large-. 



Persian gyul, 



Gulf (Gr. 



indentation of the coast-line of a 

 country or continent, and the sea 

 contained within it. The name of 

 bay is generally given to an in- 

 dentation whose mouth is broad 

 compared with its depth, while 

 gulf is more appropriate to a long 

 narrow indentation. Examples are 

 the gulfs of Suez, Aden, California, 

 Mexico, Finland, and Bothnia. 



Gulf Stream. Warm ocean 

 current flowing from the Gulf of 

 Mexico along the S.E. coast of the 

 U.S.A. The N.E. trades cause a 

 great drift of waters the N. Equa- 



Gulfweed. Leaves and fruit of the 

 Sargasso Sea seaweed 



stalked leaves, with stalked air- 

 bladders at their base. It floats on 

 the sea, forming vast fields that 

 impede shipping. Detached pieces 



