GUSSET 



Gusset. Flat plate used for 

 riveting or bolting together two or 

 more parts of a metal frame, e.g. 



Gusset. Examples of gussets, A, 

 1, a lattice girder ; 2, Lancashire 

 steam boiler 



for riveting together a bridge 

 girder boom and its web bracing 

 members. It is also a plate con- 

 necting two parts of a structure 

 with the object of providing ad- 

 ditional rigidity, e.g. connecting 

 the trough flooring of a bridge to 

 the main girders. See Bridge. 



Gustavus I, called VASA (1496- 

 1560). King of Sweden 1523-60 

 and founder of the Vasa dynasty. 

 His real name 

 was G u s t a v 

 Eriksson, h i s 

 familiar s u r- 

 name, which 

 he himself 

 never em- 

 ployed, being 

 derived from 

 the fascine re- 



Gustavusl, sembling a 



King of Sweden vase in his 

 From a print family arms. 



Born at Lindholmen, Upland, May 

 12, 1496, son of a Swedish noble, 

 Erik Johansson, he was educated at 

 Upsala, and early joined the army. 

 In 1518 he carried the Swedish 

 standard at the battle of Brann- 

 skyrka, when his cousin, Sten 

 Sture, defeated the Danes. He was 

 carried off by the Danes and im- 

 prisoned, but escaped. After many 

 adventures, he got back to Sweden. 

 After the Blood Bath of Stock- 

 holm, 1520, in which his father was 

 one of the victims, Gustavus suc- 

 ceeded in rousing the people to 

 revolt, and drove out the Danes. 

 In 1523 he was proclaimed king by 

 the Swedish diet, captured Stock- 

 holm, and was crowned, thus 

 bringing to an end the somewhat 

 turbulent union of Scandinavia. 

 In 1524 he effected a treaty of peace 

 with Denmark. An encourager of 

 Lutheranism, in 1527 he definitely 

 broke with Rome and established 

 the reformed religion in his do- 

 minions. He encouraged trade and 

 commerce and the establishing of 

 schools and laid the foundations of 

 a navy. In 1544 the crown was 

 made hereditary in his family. He 

 died Sept. 29, 1560, and was buried 

 in the cathedral of Upsala. 



3755 



Gustavus II OR GUSTAVUS 

 ADOLPHUS (1594-1632). King of 

 Sweden. Born at Stockholm, 

 Dec. 9, 1594, 

 he was the son 

 of Charles IX 

 and the grand- 

 son of Gusta- 

 vus Vasa. He 

 was well edu- 

 cated, and is 

 said to have 

 been familiar 

 with five 

 1 a n g uages 

 when only 



a boy, while A f ler Va 



he was also trained in the art of 

 government. His father made him 

 his assistant, and as duke of Vest- 

 manland he had some authority of 

 his own. 



Gustavus succeeded his father 

 on the throne in 1611, holding it 

 against the claims of Sigismund of 

 Poland, who was of a rival and 

 older branch of the family. 

 Between 1611 and 1630 he re- 

 organized the government, waged 

 successful wars with Denmark and 

 Russia for the recovery of Swedish 

 provinces on the Baltic, and then 

 dealt in like manner with Poland. 

 His disciplined troops became the 

 best instrument of war in Europe, 

 and he himself the greatest living 

 master of the art of war. Mean- 

 while the Thirty Years' War had 

 broken out in Germany and the 

 Catholic and Imperial party had 

 established their ascendancy. 



At this point Gustavus inter- 

 vened as the champion of the 

 Protestant cause. He landed in 

 Pomerania in 1630, and having 

 frightened or persuaded Branden- 

 burg and Saxony into active co- 

 operation, opened those brilliant 

 campaigns which triumphantly 

 swept back the Catholic tide and 

 established his own position 

 among the greatest captains of 

 history. His victory at Breitenfeld, 

 Sept, 17, 1631, and his triumphal 

 march through western and south- 

 ern Germany amazed all Europe. 

 His character as well as his talents 

 raised him to heroic rank, but he 

 fell in the hour of victory at the 

 battle of Liitzen, Nov. 16, 1632. 

 Gustavus married Marie Eleanora, 

 a member of the Hohenzollern 

 family, and had one daughter, his 

 successor, Christina. See Thirty 

 Years' War ; consult History of 

 Gustavus Adolphus, J. L. Stevens, 

 1885 ; Gustavus Adolphus and the 

 Struggle of Protestantism for 

 Existence, C. R. L. Fletcher, 1890. 



Gustavus III (1746-92). King 

 of Sweden 1 771-92. Born at Stock- 

 holm, Jan. 24, 1746, he was the 

 first ruler of the native - born 

 Holstein-Gottorp lino. He was in 



Gustavus III, 

 King of Sweden 



GUSTROW 



Paris, when 

 the death of 

 his father, 

 Adolphus 

 Frederick, re- 

 called him 

 to Sweden. In 

 the following 

 year, by means 

 of a feigned 

 revolt, he 

 effected a coup 

 d'etat against the powerful nobles. 



Gustavus was so devoted to all 

 things French that he sought to 

 copy the luxury of Versailles, and 

 increased taxation as to alienate 

 his people. In 1788 he was person- 

 ally responsible for an ineffective 

 war with Russia. A conspiracy 

 of nobles was formed against him, 

 and he was shot in Stockholm, 

 and died thirteen days later, March 

 29, 1 792. See Gustavus III and His 

 Contemporaries, R. N. Bain, 1894. 

 Gustavus IV (1778-1 837). King 

 of Sweden 1792-1809. He was 

 born at Stockholm, Nov. 1, 1778, 

 the son of 

 Gustavus III. 

 For the first 

 five years of 

 his reign the 

 kingdom was 

 under the re- 

 gency of his 

 uncle. He 

 allied himself 

 with England, 

 lost Finland to 

 the Russians, 

 and Stralsund 

 and Riigen to 



Gustavus IV, 

 King of Sweden 



the French. In 1809 his army 

 and nobles combined to dethrone 

 him, and he died Feb. 7, 1837, at 

 St. Gall, Switzerland. See his Auto- 

 biography (in German), 1829; An 

 Exiled King, S. Elkan, 1913. 



Gustavus V (b. 1858). King of 

 Sweden. Born at Drottningholm, 

 June 16, 1858, a son of Oscar II, he 

 studied at 

 Upsala, and 

 entered the 

 Swedish army 

 in 1875. Dur- 

 ing 1878-79 he 

 travelled much 

 over Europe, 

 and in 1881 

 mar ried Vic- 

 toria, daughter 

 of the grand 

 duke of Baden. In 1907 he suc- 

 ceeded to the throne. When the 

 Great War broke out in 1914, 

 Gustavus, unlike his ministers, 

 favoured a militant policy ; but 

 his country maintained its neu- 

 trality. 



Gustrow. Town of Germany, 

 in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. It 

 stands on the Nebel river, 23 m. by 



Gustavus V, 

 King of Sweden 



