GUTTIFERAE 



GUYON 



Guttiferae. Natural order of 

 trees and shrubs, natives of humid 

 regions in S. America, India, and 

 Africa. They have undivided, leath- 

 ery, opposite leaves, and white, 

 yellow orpink'flowers, often imper- 

 fect. They exude a yellow gum- 

 resin, that obtained from Garcinia 

 cambogia and other species forming 

 the gamboge of commerce. Mango- 

 steen is the fruit of G. mangostana ; 

 and the mammee- apple that of 

 Mammea americana. 



Gutzkow, KARL FERDINAND 

 (1811-78). German dramatist and 

 novelist. Born in Berlin, March 17, 

 1811, after studying at several uni- 

 versities, in 1835 he published 

 Wally, die Zweifjerin (Wally, the 

 Sceptic), which so offended the 

 authorities that he was sentenced 

 to three months' imprisonment. 

 He became also one of the " Young 

 Germany " writers, publication of 

 whose future work was forbidden 

 by a special edict of the Federal 

 Diet. In 1847, however, he was ap- 

 pointed dramatic adviser to the 

 Dresden court theatre. He had 

 already won distinction on the 

 stage with his Richard Savage, 

 1839 ; Zopf und Schwert (The 

 Queue and the Sword), 1844, and 

 other plays. He died at Frankfort- 

 on-Main, Dec. 16, 1878. 



Guy (Span, guia, guide). Term 

 for a *ope of hemp or steel wire 

 used for steadying an object which 

 is being jifted or moved; or for 

 temporarily arresting or prevent- 

 ing the motion of an object ; or for 

 temporarily securing and stiffening 

 a portion of an incomplete struc- 

 ture. Such a rope, if used for a 

 permanent purpose, is called a stay. 

 Guy, THOMAS (c. 1645-1724). 

 English bookseller, printer, and 

 founder of Guy's Hospital, Lon- 

 don. Bom in 

 Horselydown, 

 Sou t h wark, 

 and educated 

 at Tamworth, 

 he was a p- 



y : '""IP i P ren ti ce d to a 

 I London book- 

 | seller, 1660-68. 

 JS^SmimS Becoming a 

 Thomas Guy, iounder freeman of the 

 oi Guy's Hospital stationers' 

 Company, he set up in business tor 

 himself at the corner of Lombard 

 Street and Cornhill, made a feature 

 of cheap Bibles, and became a 

 printer to Oxford University, 1679- 

 92. He was M.P. for Tamworth, 

 1695 - 1707. He lived sparely, 

 acquiring a large fortune, partly 

 amassed by buying and selling 

 at a profit shares in South 

 Sea stock, and is best remem- 

 bered by his benefattions to 

 trade charities and his general 

 philanthropy. 



He founded almshouses and built 

 the town hall at Tamworth ; be- 

 came a governor of S. Thomas's 

 Hospital, for which he built and 

 furnished three wards ; spent 

 18,793 in founding in Southwark 

 the hospital known by his name, 

 and left 200,000 for its endow- 

 ment. He also gave 400 a year 

 to Christ's Hospital. Many of his 

 benefactions were only made known 

 after his death, Dec. 27, 1724. See 

 Biog. History of Guy's Hospital, 

 G. T. Bettany and S. Wilks, 1893. 



Guy as. Maritime prov. of S.W. 

 Ecuador, S. America. Area 11,500 

 sq. m. Traversed by the river 

 Guyas, it is low lying and fertile, 

 producing cocoa, coffee, sugar, 

 rice and tobacco. The river rises 

 in the Andes, and flows S.W. into 

 the gulf of Guayaquil. It is navig- 

 able for light craft as far as Bo- 

 degas. The capital is Guayaquil 

 (q.v.). Pop. 150,000. 



Guy de Lusignan (d. 1195). 

 French crusader and king of Jeru- 

 salem and Cyprus. Younger son of 

 Hugh the Brown of Lusignan, of a 

 great French feudal family, he mar- 

 ried in 1180 Sybilla, daughter of 

 the king of Jerusalem and received 

 the title of count of Jaffa and Asca- 

 lon. On the death of Baldwin V, 

 Guy became king of Jerusalem, 

 1186. He was captured at Tiberias 

 by Saladin, 1187, but set free on 

 condition that he ceased to fight 

 against Islam, which promise he 

 soon afterwards broke. 



His title to the throne was 

 challenged by Henry of Champagne 

 who was called to the throne by 

 election in 1192, whereupon Guy 

 purchased Cyprus from the Knights 

 Templars, and established a new 

 principality on the island. His 

 brother, Amalric, succeeded him on 

 his death in 1195, became king of 

 Jerusalem, 1197, and founded the 

 Lusignan kings of Cyprus. 



Guy Mannering ; OR, THE AST- 

 ROLOGER Second novel of Sir 

 Walter Scott. Written in six 

 weeks, founded on old Galloway 

 and Ayrshire traditions, and pub- 

 lished in Feb., 1815, it formed a 

 notable departure from its prede- 

 cessor, Waverley. Its descriptions 

 of coast scenery are a prominent 

 feature ; the chief characters in- 

 clude the partly autobiographical 

 Colonel Mannering ; Dominie Samp- 

 son, whose exclamation " Pro- 

 digious ! " has become proverbial ; 

 Dan die Dinmont, the Liddesdale 

 farmer ; Meg Merrilies ; Gilbert 

 Glossin, the wily attorney, and his 

 smuggler accomplice Dirk Hat- 

 teraick. The work was dramatised 

 by Daniel Terry with the aid of the 

 author, whose assistance almost 

 betrayed the secret of the noveJ's 

 authorship. 



Georges Guynemer, 

 French airman 



Guynemer. GEORGES (1894- 

 1917). French airman. He obtain 

 ed his pilot's certificate April, 1915 

 and quick ly 

 rose from pri 

 vate to lieu- 

 tenant, be- 

 coming one 

 of the best- 

 known French 

 airmen on the 

 west front. 

 Promoted t o 

 captain in 

 Feb., 1917, 

 after he had brought down over 

 thirty German aeroplanes, by the 

 beginning of Sept. he had fifty vic- 

 tories to his credit, and became the 

 champion " ace " of the French 

 air force. 



His greatest feat was on May 25, 

 1917, when he brought down two 

 German aeroplanes in one minute 

 and two more later on in the same 

 day. He was killed on Sept. 11, 

 1917, after he had brought down 

 his fifty-third enemy aeroplane, by 

 being shot in the head by the Ger- 

 man airman Wissemann, after a 

 thrilling fight. Guynemer was 

 twenty times mentioned in dis- 

 patches, was twice wounded, and 

 received the Military Medal, the 

 Military Cross, and the rosette of 

 Officer of the Legion of Honour. 

 The French Chamber in Oct., 1917, 

 decided to place his name on the 

 commemorative tablets of the Pan- 

 theon until his body could be found 

 and buried in that hall. 



Guy of Warwick. Mythical 

 hero of an Anglo-Norman me- 

 trical romance. Sir Guy, son of a 

 steward of the earl of Warwick, 

 to gain the hand of the earl's 

 daughter Felice or Phillis, goes 

 through knightly adventures at 

 home and abroad, is then married, 

 but, in remorse for the blood he 

 has shed, becomes a pilgrim to the 

 Holy Land. He returns, and, after 

 killing the Danish giant, Colbran, 

 in a duel to decide the issue 

 between Athelstan and the Danes, 

 retires unknown to a hermitage at 

 Guy's Cliffe (q.v.), near Warwick, 

 and only reveals himself to his wife" 

 Felice by sending her a ring when 

 he is on the point of death. The 

 poem, of great length, and sup- 

 posed to have been written about 

 the 13th century, in couplets and 

 romance stanzas, was once enor- 

 mously, jwpular. A MS. copy is at 

 Caius College, Cambridge ; there 

 are fragments in the Auchinleck 

 MSS. at Edinburgh, and the text 

 was edited by J. Zupitza, 1883-87. 

 Guyon, MADAME (1648-1717). 

 French mystical writer whose 

 maiden name was Jeanne Marie 

 Bouvier de la Motte. Born at 

 Montargis, April 13, 1648, she 



