H Eighth letter oi the Eng- 

 lish and Latin alphabets. 

 By some it is regarded 

 as a consonant, by others as a 

 mere aspiration. It had the same 

 form in Greek and originally the 

 same value, but later was split in 

 half to represent the rough and 

 smooth breathings, H being kept to 

 denote eta (long e), whereas in 

 Latin it continued to represent the 

 original aspirate sound. In Eng- 

 lish, initial h is silent in some words, 

 as honest, honour, hour ; in others, 

 as herb, humble, custom varies. In 

 certain words, generally of foreign 

 origin, after c and g, it is used to 

 indicate the hard sound of those 

 letters, as chemistry, chimaera, 

 ghetto, Ghibelline. In what, when, 

 which, the digraph wh is in certain 

 parts of Great Britain pronounced 

 hw. H is silent after a vowel, which 

 it generally lengthens. See Alphabet. 



H. In music, the German name 

 for B natural. Thus, Schubert's 

 famous Unfinished Symphony is 

 called in Germany, Symphony hi H 

 moll, i.e. in B minor. This use of 

 an eighth letter arose from the re- 

 semblance of the sign for a natural 

 to the Gothic "h." 



Haakon. Masculine Christian 

 name. Of Teutonic origin, it means 

 high kin and is chiefly known as 

 that of a sequence of Norwegian 

 kings. There were seven of these. 

 The name is sometimes spelled 

 Haco. Pron. Hawkon. 



Haakon I (915-961). King of 

 Norway, c. 938-961, known as The 

 Good. Youngest son of Harold 

 Haarfager (Fair-Hair), he was 

 brought up in England as foster- 

 son of King Athelstan. After his 

 father's death he was furnished 



with ships by the English king and 

 sailed for Norway. Having de- 

 feated his half-brother, Eric Blood- 

 Axe, Haakon was proclaimed king 

 about 938. He was killed in 961, 

 whilst repelling an invasion by the 

 sons of Eric. 



Haakon IV (1204-63). King of 

 Norway, 1223-63. Known as 

 The Old, he brought Iceland and 

 Greenland under the Norwegian 

 crown. He was defeated by Alex- 

 ander III of Scotland at Largs, in 

 1263, and died at Kirkwall Islands. 

 Haakon VII (b. 1872). King 

 of Norway 

 from Oct., 

 1905. Born 

 Aug. 3, 1872, 

 the second son 

 of Frederick 

 VIII of Den- 

 mark, in 1896 

 as Prince 

 Charles he mar- 

 Haakon VII, r i e d Maud, 

 King of Norway youngest 

 daughter of the prince of Wales, 

 afterwards King , 

 Edward VII. In f 

 Oct., 1905, on 

 the separation of 

 Norway from Swe- 

 den, he was elected 

 king of the former 

 country and took 

 the name of 

 Haakon. He was 

 crowned June 22, 

 1906. His heir is 

 Prince Olaf (b. 

 1903. 



Haarlem. Town 

 of Holland, capital 

 of the province of 

 N.Holland. It lies 



about 14 m. W. of Amsterdam, on 



the river Spaarne. The town is 



well served by rlys., both to The 



Hague and to 



Amsterdam, The 



industries of 



Haarlem are 



small, cotton 



manufacture, 



bleaching and 



dyeing, printing 



and type-found- Haarlem arms 



ing being the 



chief, but the town is famous as the 



centre of an important bulb growing 



and exporting industry. 



Haarlem possesses many archi- 

 tectural and artistic treasures. Its 

 chief features are the Groote Kerk, 

 on the market place, a large cruci- 

 form church of the late 15th cen- 

 tury, with a tower over 250 ft. high; 

 the town hall, in the Netherlands 

 Renaissance style, containing a 

 superb collection of paintings by 

 Frans Hals, and other notable 

 Dutch pictures; the Teyler Mu- 

 seum, antiquarian, geological, and 



