HAASE 



artistic ; the old 

 Meat Market, one 

 of the most beauti 

 ful buildings in 

 Holland, built 

 1602-3, now used 

 for the archives ; 

 and small mu- 

 seums of colonial 

 industries and of 

 industrial art. In 

 the market place 

 is a statue of Lou- 

 r e n s Janszoon.> 

 Coster. 



Haarlem was the 

 seat of William, 

 1st count of Holland, and suffered 

 a terrible massacre after vainly re- 

 sisting the seven months' siege of 

 Frederick of Toledo, 1572-73. Re- 

 taken by William of Orange in 

 1577, its great prosperity was in the 

 17th century. Pop. 74,816. 



Haase, HUGO (1863-1919). Ger- 

 man socialist. Born at Allenstein, 

 Prussia, of Jewish parents, he 

 studied law at 

 Konigsberg 

 University, and 

 practised in 

 that town. He 

 was a member 

 of the Reich- 

 stag from 1 897- 

 1906. .Re-elect- 

 ed in 1912, he 

 shared with 

 Bebel the 

 chairmanship of the socialist party. 

 After Bebel's death Ebert and 

 Haase were joint presidents of the 

 party, the latter being its chairman 

 in the -Reichstag. He seceded from 

 the main socialist body in 1916 on 

 the question of voting war credits in 

 the Reichstag. He was one of the 

 engineers of the revolution of Nov., 

 1918. He was shot by a Viennese 

 named Voss on Oct. 8, 1919, as he 

 and his wife were about to enter 

 the Reichstag, and died in Berlin, 

 Nov. 6, as the result of his wounds. 

 See Bebel ; Ebert. 



Habakkuk. One of the minor 

 prophets. His work was contem- 

 poraneous with that of Jeremiah. 

 He lived at the time when Judah 

 was invaded by the Chaldeans, and 

 taught that they were the instru- 

 ments of God to punish the Jews 

 for their lawlessness. His book 

 consists of two chapters of pro- 

 phecy and a lyrical hy mn. 



Habberton, JOHN (b. 1842). 

 American author and journalist. 

 Born at Brooklyn, Feb. 24, 1842, he 

 learned the printing trade hi New 

 York, and served in the Civil War. 

 He held editorial posts on The 

 Christian Union, The New York 

 Herald, and Collier's Weekly. He 

 is the author of many stories about 

 children, the most successful of 



3766 



where it was decided that a hus- 

 band has no power to detain his 

 wife against her will. In times of 

 national emergency the Habeas 

 Corpus Act may be suspended by a 

 special Act. It is also suspended 

 automatically where martial law 

 (q.v.) obtains. 



Haberdasher. Word used for a 

 retail trader who sells articles such 

 as pins and needles, buttons, and 

 other accessories of dress, i.f. 



Hugo Haase, 

 German socialist 



which, Helen's 

 Babies, 1876, had 

 a large sale in 

 America and Great 

 Britain. Other 

 stories by him are 

 Other People's 

 Children, 1877; 

 Budge and Toddie, 

 1909. 



Habeas Corpus 

 (Lat., have the 

 body). Term of 

 English law. It 

 forms the opening words of various 

 writs, e.g. Habeas Corpus ad facien- 

 dum et recipiendum, to remove a 

 cause from a lower court ; Habeas 

 Corpus ad prosequendum, to re- 

 move a prisoner to the proper ju- 

 risdiction. But the most famous, 

 the safeguard against arbitrary im- 

 prisonment, is the high preroga- 

 tive writ of Habeas Corpus ad sub- 

 jiciendum. It is addressed to one 

 who detains or imprisons another, 

 and commands him to " have the 

 body " of the person in the Court of 

 King's Bench on a certain day, to- 

 gether with the cause of his deten- 

 tion. If the court decides that the 

 cause shown does not justify the 

 detention it orders a release. 



The writ is as old as the Common 

 Law itself; but in 1679 it was 

 thought proper to pass the Habeas 

 Corpus Act, to prevent certain 

 evasions of the law which had 

 sprung up under the arbitrary 

 Stuart kings; e.g. after the receipt 

 of the writ by one gaoler, the 

 government would remove the 

 prisoner to another gaol, and then 

 the first gaoler would make answer 

 that he no longer had the body of 

 the prisoner, and therefore could 

 not produce it in court. Again, 

 judges sometimes refused to hear 

 applications for the writ. These 

 and other evasions were made pun- 

 ishable ; but the Act only applies 

 to criminal cases. In addition, the 

 writ is used where, for instance, a 

 child is detained from its father or 

 mother or other lawful guardian ; 

 and was used by the friends of Mrs. 

 Jackson in the celebrated case 



Haarlem. The Groote Kerk, or Great Church, with 



the old Meat Market on right. Top, left, the Stadhuis 



which contains the art museum 



what are known as small wares. To- 

 day haberdashery is merely a 

 branch of the drapery trade. The 

 word is an old one, and its origin 

 and early meaning are uncertain. 



Haberdashers' Company 

 Eighth of the twelve chief London 

 city livery companies. Incor- 

 porated 1447, it 

 was originally a 

 branch of the 

 Mercers', with 

 S. Catherine 

 the Virgin and S. 

 Nicholas as pa- 

 tron saints. Hab- 

 erdashers' Hall, 

 in Gresham 

 Street, B.C., is 

 built on a site 



Haberdashers' 

 Company arms 



bequeathed in 

 1478 by William Baker. The first 

 hall was burnt with the archives in 

 1666; the second, by Wren, was, 

 with the exception of part of the 

 court-room, burnt in 1864. The 

 company, which has a corporated 

 income estimated at 9,000 and a 

 trust income of 49,000, manages 

 several almshouses and schools. 



Habit (Fr. habit, Lat. habitue, 

 dress). Outer garment, such as the 

 riding dress of a woman, the frock 

 of a monk, or other garment that 

 is distinctive for special occasions 

 or avocations. See Costume. 



Habit (Lat. habitus, state, 

 manner). Fixed disposition or con- 

 dition of mind or body resulting 

 from the frequent repetition of the 

 same action, which is afterwards 

 performed under the slightest im- 

 petus as it were mechanically and 

 without any special effort of will. 



